Quiz 1 Spring 2014 for Escape from Camp 14 Essay - 1

NATO From Creation to Current Status

NATO From Creation to Current Status Conceptual The paper talks about NATO which is a significant military collusion among European States, the US and Canada. It features the chronicled setting, which prompted the arrangement of NATO. The historical backdrop of the coalition is separated into three significant stages: the Cold War period, the Post Cold War, and the Post 9/11.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on NATO: From Creation to Current Status explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper audits how NATO reevaluated itself following the breakdown of the Soviet Union and set out on a fruitful broadening process. The different issues that have confronted the association since its creation are examined and its future assessed. The paper finishes up by taking note of that NATO is an important security contraption today and still fills in as the best instrument for fighting the security dangers of the 21st century. Presentation The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is legiti mately viewed as the universes most remarkable military collusion. The association was established in 1949 with the essential target of shielding Western Europe and the US from Soviet hostility. The coalition had the option to effectively accomplish this objective and moreover guarantee that no military competitions rise in the area. Following the finish of the Cold War, the Soviet danger was killed and the union needed to rehash itself so as to stay significant. It did this by extending its job and expanding its enrollment. This paper will decide to give a definite research of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization with center given to the creation and reason for this union. An audit of how the association has extended throughout the years and the job it has played will be given to show that NATO is as yet a substantial security mechanical assembly in world today. Beginnings of NATO A noteworthy result of the World War II was the development of the United States of America and the Soviet Union as the two world super powers. While these nations had battled as partners in the war, their political contrasts set them in opposition to one another in the after war years. There was worry that the Soviet Union would utilize her impressive capacity to impact legislative issues in Europe (Trachtenberg, 1999). The debilitated after war Europe would not have the option to oppose this Soviet danger. The US proposed to help support West Europe’s military ability by the development of a partnership. NATO, in this manner, started as a common resistance settlement among ten Western European nations, the US and Canada.Advertising Looking for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These twelve nations marked the Washington Treaty on April 4, 1949 in which they invested in a common guard agreement (Cornish, 2004). The bargain bound the part states and an assault on any part was to summon a reaction fro m all individuals. NATOs history can be separated into three particular stages: the Cold War time frame, the decade following the finish of the Cold War, and the present stage, which started with the psychological militant assaults on the US on September 11, 2011. Cold War Era At the hour of NATO’s development, the Western Europe was a separated locale despite everything attempting to recuperate from the staggering impacts of the simply finished the World War II. While a Western European resistance association would have been liked, the support of the US was viewed as significant since it was the main nation with enough military may to counter the USSR. Trachtenberg (1999) sees that this union was a drawn out American pledge to Western Europe’s security. After some time, this settlement transformed into an association with a political board and standard gatherings being held by the partnered remote and guard pastors. This change into an undeniable association expanded the impact and quality of the Treaty. In its initial long stretches of presence, NATOs job was principally to forestall an assault against the domain of its part nations by the considerable Soviet Union and her partners. Seroka (2007) best expresses this point by recording that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was initially intended to manage an essential danger from global socialism on the European mainland. West Germany joined NATO in 1955 and this fortified the ability of the coalition in Europe since Germany had the labor important to oppose a traditional intrusion by Soviet powers. This move hastened the arrangement of the Warsaw Pact by the Soviet Union and her East European partners. The unions atomic ability gave by the United States, which filled in as discouragement, was the fundamental apparatus used to keep an assault from the Soviet Union. Be that as it may, NATO likewise embraced a technique of adaptable reaction and conceived the utilization of regular fighting before participating in an atomic showdown. All things being equal, Minuto-Rizzo (2007) repeats that atomic weapons were at the center of the unions methodology and atomic discouragement was the guideline methods for forestalling a Soviet drove assault on any of the part states. Since the two sides (East and West Europe) knew the expense of an atomic encounter, the utilization of power to progress political points was viably rejected exposed War Europe.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on NATO: From Creation to Current Status explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Post †Cold War Period The finish of the Cold War in 1989 was huge for NATO. Numerous political investigators estimated that the collusion could be disbanded securely since the fundamental assailant in Europe had scattered. Moreover, the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact, which had been a union of East European countries shaped to counter NATO, had just happened. In any case, this didn't occur since NATO part states would not like to dispose of the coalition in light of the various points of interest they were getting a charge out of on account of their collaboration. Minuto-Rizzo (2007) sees that the transoceanic system that permitted all nations - of all shapes and sizes to make their voices heard, to look for normal arrangements, and to prepare their powers together was too valuable a resource for be wasted (p.3). Numerous part nations of the previous Warsaw Pact additionally communicated enthusiasm for joining NATO so as to appreciate the upsides of the lasting transoceanic system for counsel and participation. NATO, in this way, needed to reorient itself to grasp the recently rising popular governments in Central and Eastern Europe. NATO had the option to grow new vital ideas to join new individuals and redesign its military structures following the vanishing of the existential danger gave by the Soviet Union (Noetzel Schreer, 2009). It received a strat egy of association and opened its entryways for new individuals from Central and Eastern Europe. The union additionally started to draw in Russia: a move that was viewed as indispensable to understanding the objectives of a unified Europe. The formation of the Permanent Joint Council (PJC) in 1997 is the most noticeable sign of an endeavor to formalize the connection among NATO and Russia. Labarre (2001) confirms that the PJC gave Russia a voice in NATO without precedent for history. The post Cold War period likewise observed NATO without precedent for its history taking part in military activity outside the region of its part nations. This commitment came about in view of the contentions in the Balkans. NATO offered military help in line with the United Nations and assisted with mollifying the Balkans. The partnership occupied with the arrangement of peacekeeping powers in the locale to continue harmony. Post 9/11 Era The third significant stage in NATOs presence came about after t he September 11 psychological oppressor assaults. On September12, 2001, NATO summoned Article 5 of the Washington Treaty, which educates that, An assault against one is an assault against all. Minuto-Rizzo (2007) sees that 9/11 made it understood to NATO partners that their significant dangers no longer exuded from Europe, as had been the situation during the Cold War. The new dangers originated from outside the mainland as worldwide psychological warfare, bombing states, and the danger of weapons of mass destruction.Advertising Searching for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The real factors of 9/11 exhibited to NATO the shortcoming of the conventional geological way to deal with security that had been used for quite a long time. This security approach had been compelling when the potential danger radiated from the Soviet Union. Worldwide fear mongering couldn't be countered utilizing a similar technique and NATO must be set up to draw in foe powers at their source. NATO Transformation Originally, a provincial security settlement intended to shield Western Europe from a Soviet danger, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has rethought and changed itself into a worldwide security power with missions to battle universal fear mongering, forestall weapons expansions, and accommodate Europes security (Seroka, p.25). The most recent decade has seen a huge improvement of NATOs military abilities. The NATO Heads of State and Government highest point in Prague, 2002, enunciated the requirement for radical changes in the alliance’s military order structur e. This military change started with the foundation of one vital order situated in Europe to supervise all parts of NATOs activities. Another key order base was built up in the US to propel the military parts of change. While NATO no longer faces the danger that prompted its development (the Soviet Union) it has kept on developing in the years following the breakdown of the USSR. Global fear based oppression has been the most critical issue tended to by NATO. Regardless of the way that worldwide psychological oppression doesn't present a key danger to NA

The Link Between Borderline Personality and Violence

The Link Between Borderline Personality and Violence BPD Living With BPD Print The Link Between Borderline Personality and Violence By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on September 19, 2019 NoSystem Images / Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Borderline personality disorder (BPD)  is a complex mental illness that affects both men and women. Along with strong emotions and feelings, people with BPD can also experience intense anger, known as borderline rage. If you have a family member or loved one who has BPD, its important to understand how violence relates to BPD and how it can be handled.?? Prevalence of Violence in People With BPD There is research demonstrating that both men and women who have committed violent acts have elevated rates of borderline personality disorder compared to the general population. However, this does not necessarily mean that a diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of violence. Impulsive behavior, which includes physical aggression, is one of the diagnostic criteria for BPD, even though someone can meet criteria for the disorder without demonstrating this symptom.?? A large 2016 study in the U.K. found that BPD alone did not suggest a tendency for violence, but did show that those with BPD are more likely to have comorbidities, associated conditions such as anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, and substance abuse which do raise the risk of violence. A systematic search of studies that year confirmed the same finding, with a lack of evidence that BPD alone increases violent behavior.?? There are several reasons why people with BPD are more likely to be violent in their relationships. First, people with BPD are often victims of violence themselves, such as through  child abuse. While its not true for all people, many people with BPD may have learned to use aggression to deal with strong emotions because adults modeled that behavior for them when they were young.?? In addition, people with BPD often experience an unstable sense of self and difficulty trusting others in interpersonal relationships. They may experience very strong emotions if they believe they are being rejected or abandoned; this is known as rejection sensitivity or abandonment sensitivity. These intense feelings of rejection can sometimes lead to aggressive behaviors.?? Finally, people with BPD often have difficulties with impulsive behaviors. When they are experiencing  strong emotions that are typical of the disorder, they may do things without thinking about the consequences. If they engage in violence, it is usually not planned. It is an impulsive act done in the heat of the moment.?? Will My Loved One Be Violent? The information above only provides general information about the link between borderline personality disorder and violence; it is not possible to predict whether one particular individual with BPD will be violent. If your loved one has not shown any violent tendencies or aggression, it is quite possible that she wont be violent. Many individuals with BPD never commit any aggressive acts during their lives. On the other hand, if you are feeling threatened, even if no violence has occurred in your relationship, you should take that seriously. If you already feel unsafe, it is possible the situation could escalate to the point of violence. You should consider getting yourself to a safe place away from that loved one, whether that means getting a hotel or staying with friends. Its important that you are safe before trying to help your friend or family member get help.?? Once you are secure, your best bet is for both of you to seek  professional help  through therapy with a therapist specializing in BPD. This may help you figure out whether the relationship can be improved and may prevent violence from happening in the future. Therapy can also help you decide whether this is a relationship worth saving. The therapist can also recommend a course of treatment to help your loved one get on the path to recovery.?? Preparing Ahead When You Have BPD Having a diagnosis of BPD not only may increase the risk of violence against others but against self. Self-harm is a common issue for many individuals living with BPD. Some therapists recommend that people fill out a safety plan for borderline personality disorder. This safety plan can be helpful not only in preparing for possible violent or suicidal thoughts but can help you identify triggers in your daily life.?? Striking Statistics About Borderline Personality Disorder in the U.S.

Langston Hughes Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. His grandparents were politically active and supporters of the abolition of slavery. They were activists in the movement for voting rights for African Americans. Through their active involvement in his upbringing, they shaped his world views and instilled a sense of what is now called black pride. He moved to Ohio during his adolescent years and later earned his BA degree at Lincoln University. Langston Hughes’ world views were also shaped through his intensive travels that included countries such as Japan, China, and the Soviet Union. Langston Hughes was a prolific writer whose love for literature started in his early childhood. He started writing poetry as early as his high school years where he was named class poet. He penned â€Å"sixteen volumes of poems; two novels; three collections of short stories; four documentary works; three historical works; twenty dramatic pieces, including plays, musical, and operettas; two volumes of autobiography; eight children’s books; and twelve radio and television scripts† (DiYanni 989). In addition to his own works, he edited and translated other writers’ works. He is well known for his Jazz and Blues style poetry and is closely linked to the HarlemShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Harlem Renaissance. After World War I, many blacks migrated from the south to up to the north to places like Chicago, Detroit and New York. The people in Harlem felt the racial pride and this caught the attention of many musicians, writers, and artist. The Harlem Renaissance period lasted from 1920 to around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on though all African American artists today. According to Biography.com in the article about Langston Hughes, there wereRead MoreThe Influences for Langston Hughes Successful Writing Career979 Words   |  4 Pagesour history. Langston Hughes was able to recognize that, â€Å"Man had the inability to bridge cultures† (Bloom 16). In one of his writings, Luani of the Jungles, Langston writes about the interactions in a relationship between a white man and a black woman, â€Å"that is not ruined by outside disapproval, but the man’s own obsession and oversimplification of their racial differences† (16). Hughes’s ability to speak openly about his ideas earned him the title of â€Å"the Poet of Laureate of Harlem† (Bailey 748)Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesdistrict of New York City called Harlem. The area known as Harlem matured into the hideaway of jazz and the blues where the African American artist emerged calling themselves the â€Å"New Negro.† The New Negro was the cornerstone for an era known today as the Harlem Renaissance (Barksdale 23). The Harlem Renaissance warranted the expression of the double consciousness of the African Americans, which was exposed by artists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poetRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreThe Poetry Of Langston Hughes1727 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is arguably one of the best known American writers of the twentieth century. He played an important influential part in the Harlem Renaissance, his poetry and other literary works helped pave way to a new wave of African American culture and literature. Hughes had a wide variety of works, he was much more than just a poet; he was a short-story writer, novelist, and playwright (Brucker). He was also very involved in the Black Arts Movement, and had works published in â€Å"The Crisis† theRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Black Writers Of The Harlem Renaissance1488 Words   |  6 PagesMany families landed in Harlem, New York and the neighborhood eventually became rich in Black culture and traditions. The mixture of cultures, heritage and traditions eventually lead to an explosion of Black creativity in music, literature and the arts which became known as the Harlem Renaissance. As with many transitional time periods in United states History, the Harlem Renaissance had its share of success stories. One of the well-known writers of the 1900’S is Langston Hughes. While many writers focusedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : Langston Hughes1145 Words   |  5 Pagescalled Harlem and this is where it all started. Harlem became the training ground for blues and jazz and gave birth to a young generation of Negro Artist, who referred to themselves as the New Negro. The New Negro was the base for an epoch called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance allowe d for the materialization of the double consciousness of the Negro race as demonstrated by artists such as Langston Hughes. During the peak of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes created poetry thatRead MoreAspects Of Langston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance755 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscrimination, the Harlem Renaissance was a time of emergence for African Americans artists. Several writers such as Langston Hughes emerged during this period. African American writers who emerged during the Harlem Renaissance were heroes to lower-class blacks living in Harlem. Langston Hughes was a household name amongst the lower-class during the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes’s poetry was strongly influenced by the Harlem Renaissance because of his love for the black masses. Hughes was determined toRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes? Influence on American Literature1422 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes was one of the great writers of his time. He was named the â€Å"most renowned Afr ican American poet of the 20th century† (McLaren). Through his writing he made many contributions to following generations by writing about African American issues in creative ways including the use of blues and jazz. Langston Hughes captured the scene of Harlem life in the early 20th century significantly influencing American Literature. He once explained that his writing was an attempt to â€Å"explain and

Film Review The Film The Golden Age - 1349 Words

(No Intro Yet) Due to the Great Depression that started in 1929, the film going audience had considerably diminished. In order to attract individuals back into movie theatres, studios produced films with themes and subjects that had great shock-value such as; violence, prostitution, and especially homosexuality. These subjects clashed with the preaching’s of the Production Code, as well as various local and national censor boards, and are known today as â€Å"pre-code† films. Although homosexuality was still a very taboo subject for society at the time, many studios were able to get past the laissez-faire individuals in the Hays Office, and display LGBT content and characters through onscreen insinuation or suggestion (Source). One of the first and central â€Å"pre-code† movies during Hollywood’s Golden Age to feature homosexuality is Josef von Sternberg’s hit film Morocco (1930), which stars Marlene Dietrich as a sexually independent woman. Dietri ch created a sensation in the film during a scene where she’s clad in a suit and kisses a woman on the lips after a nightclub performance (Source). The juxtaposition of Dietrich’s femininity and the masculine imagery typically associated with a men’s suit can be seen to sexually magnetize both genders watching the scene. John Francis Dillon’s Call Her Savage (1932) is another â€Å"pre-code† film that implicitly displays homosexuality. In the film, two characters go to a nightclub where a duo of flamboyant waiters skip around the establishmentShow MoreRelatedYolololololololo1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe commercial pressures that are put on films for them to make a profit. My case study involves the texts, Hunger, Shame and 12 Years a Slave. Due to film making becoming more of a business than about the art, companies are not willing to take as many risks as they do not want to lose money investing in an unknown film story when they can easily release a known product that they know will make them money, therefore it is important for independent films to make themselves as much as possible forRead MoreThe Movie Air Bud 1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe past half-century has been the age of electronic mass media (Sachs, 441), there were so many impressive and good movies in this period, like superhero series. But I do not want to talk about guys can fly or shoot spider web, this paper’s protagonist is a golden retriever, named â€Å"Air Bud†. The â€Å"Air Bud† is a series American and Canadian comedy film started in 1997. The film Air Bud continues to elicit mixed reactions amongst its audiences from across the globe with some sections of the audiencesRead MoreAr Rahman1368 Words   |  6 PagesRahman w as born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India in a middle-class Tamil family. His father, R. K. Shekhar, was a film-score composer and conductor for Tamil and Malayalam films; Rahman assisted his father in the studio, playing the keyboard. After his fathers death when Rahman was nine years old, the rental of his fathers musical equipment provided his familys income.[11] Raised by his mother, Kareema (born Kashturi),[1] Rahman was a keyboard player and arranger for bands such as Roots (with childhoodRead MoreRadio Days : Film Analysis1151 Words   |  5 Pagesand a theme, it is still, nevertheless, a wonderful film that revolves around a typical American family, and their constant use of the radio. Written, directed and narrated by the renowned comedian Woody Allen, the film occurs during the late 1930s to the late 1940s, and thus it is no surprise that World War 2 and other major events during that time period play a tremendous role in the events that transpired in the film. The setting of this film was Rockaway, Queens, which resonated with me well becauseRead MoreHistory of Movies1050 Words   |  4 PagesPeople enjoyed watching these in their free time, but Eadweard Muybridge was the first person to think about putting pictures in motion to make a story. The evolution of the movie went from black and white pictures, to color, sound and finally to 3-D film. So, just think about trying to create the 3D effect or even how movies were created. Directors, artists, and inventors took hundreds of years to create the very first movie, which captured pictures in a fluid motion. It only lasted ten seconds. EadweardRead MoreAnalysis Of Do The Right Thing By Spike Lee991 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s no secret that Spike Lee is defiant of mainstream Hollywood expectations and is no stranger to controversy. In a review written by James Berardinelli, he writes, â€Å"The movie confronts racism head-on, with the kind of clear-eyed and unflinching attitude that is rarely seen in major motion pictures. Lee does not pander to political correctness, nor does he sermonize† (Berardinelli, Do the Right Thing). This use of aggressive tackling of racial issues was never-before seen in black cinema on suchRead MoreThe Shift Of Online : The Implications For Screenwriters1175 Words   |  5 Pagesup with funny situations for silent films--was the early form of what would eventually become the screenwriting industry. Since the silen t films being made in the 1890 s had no dialogue, it wasn t until the emergence of sound in film, in the 1920 s, that writers flocked to Hollywood in order to become a part of the new, promising industry. (â€Å"Cinema†) Screenwriting is the workmanship and art of composing scripts for mass media communications like feature films, television,and video games. ScreenwritersRead MoreThe Assassination That Changed the Nation1207 Words   |  5 Pages In January of 1961, John F. Kennedy, or usually known by his initials JFK, became the 35th President of the United States. He was sworn in at the young age of 43, becoming the youngest man elected to office and the first of the Roman Catholic faith. Kennedy, a distinguished man of confidence, was known for his good looks, irresistible personality, and oratory skills. Kennedy is said to have â€Å"brought to public life not only the hard assets of leadership, but the rarest capacity to illuminate ideasRead MoreThe And Redefining Expectations Of Quality Television1340 Words   |  6 PagesRedefining Expectations of Quality Television In 2002 Ron Moore began working on an updated, reimagined take on the 1970’s Science Fiction show Battlestar Galactica. With the help of producer David Eick, Moore created a miniseries event that was one part film, one part pilot for a new breed of televised Science Fiction drama. Combining elements present in other Quality Television shows, Battlestar Galactica (BSG) redefined the expectations of consumers for what Science Fiction could achieve in a TV settingRead MoreDominick10 Tb Ch09942 Words   |  4 Pages  Though  designed  to  decrease  competition  in  the  film  industry,  the  MMPC  actually   encouraged  competition.   Ans:  T            4.  Block  booking  means  that  theater  owners  must  agree  to  show  certain  films  in  all  the   theaters  they  own.   Ans:  F            5.  The  inventors  of  the  Kinetoscope  predicted  the  real  money  in  motion  pictures  would  be   based  on  showing  films  to  large  audiences.   Ans:  F            6.  In  the  late  1940s,  the  courts  upheld  studios   rights  to  control  production,  distribution,   and  exhibition.   Ans:  F            7.  Although  the  film  indus

Ecology Free Essays

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment, such as the interactions organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), number (population) of organisms, as well as competition between them within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, thecommunities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Ecology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is calledbiodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services. Ecology is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. The word â€Å"ecology† (â€Å"Okologie†) was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology transformed into a more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts on adaptation and natural selection became cornerstones of modern ecological theory. Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function is an important focus area in ecological studies. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations †¢ The movement of materials and energy through living communities †¢ The successional development of ecosystems, and †¢ The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment. Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecolog y in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). Organisms and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value. How to cite Ecology, Papers

Schopenhauer The Will And Science Essays - Kantianism, Concepts

Schopenhauer The Will And Science Schopenhauer had an understanding of the Will, which has to separate parts. The Will to Life and Human Will. The Will to Life, was the over all striving that every animal did on a daily basis, the striving for the will to live. Schopenhauer, believed that the nature of life was suffering and that this suffering was manifested in the will to live. However, this will, in humans, was also manifested by Human Will, or striving for that life, such as studying, reading, etc. This human will also lead to suffering and strife, for as soon as humans would reach one goal, another set of problems or suffering would appear. In fact, Schopenhauer believed that if humans recognized how much suffering that there is in life and in the world, that they would want to kill themselves. However, if you look at all that suffering and decide to live anyways then you have conquered the will and you will no longer truly suffer. In quite a Buddhist theme, you have become liberated and redeemed from life. More over, there is a sense of passive acceptance, where one realizes to detach themselves from society. This is explained when Schopenhauer states, ?The denial of the will to live does not in any way imply the annihilation of a substance; it means merely the act of non-violation: that which previously willed, wills no more. The will is a philosophical substance that can not be removed or killed. Why is it then that Science can not understand the will as interpreted by Schopenhauer? Schopenhauer believed that the will was an Idea, which was in it's own category. A category different form the a priori and the a posteriori. Science, according to Schopenhauer, is an a priori concept. A priori judgments take sense perception and molds it into a category. Schopenhauer believed that this world of sense perception and categories is a creation of the person or mind who created it. Therefore, Schopenaheur believes that ?the world is a duality of the will and idea.? Science, according to Schopenhauer is concerned with categories and goals and the will for Schopenhauer, has none of these things. The will has no goal and is therefore unablet o be understood by science. Furthermore, the will has no subcomponents or hidden parts, it is simply the will, or the desire to survey. It can not be described in an a priori sense, because it cannot be molded into a category and since Science is an a priori concept, it is unable to explain the will in its sense. Furthermore, the will cannot be molded or shaped, there is no way to destroy the will, it is philosophical, unlike a sensation and therefore, it can not easily be perceived in any light. The medium of science was, according to Schopenhauer, unable to process or mold, the will in it's concept and therefore, is unable to deal with the problems of life. Philosophy

Indian Marriage Necklace †Research Paper

Indian Marriage Necklace – Research Paper Free Online Research Papers This paper is a study to further research â€Å"Marriage Necklace† kalata uru/thail C: 19th century, Indian, gold, approximately 1’x2’, currently shown at the Museum of Fine Arts Houston. The study will cover the classification of this type of art as a whole, the technique in which it was created, the artists who created this type of art, its cultural history, iconography, mythology, and compare it to other works made during the time of its creation. This thickset necklace is made of thirty over-sized gold pendants arranged symmetrically along a stout black cotton cord. Five pendants are large hand shaped, highly ornate forms that hang on the front breast area of the necklace. Two pendants are geometrically shaped mirror imaged cones that counterweight the necklace on the back area. Dividing the front pendants, arranged in pairs, are twelve smaller less defined cylindrical pendants that have a file like texture. All pendants are clasp to the black cord giving them a defined direction to face rather than freely hanging. The focal point of the necklace is one of the five hand shaped pendants that hangs in the center on the front breast area of the necklace. This comb-like central pendant of solid gold is worked in repousse and depicts the Hindu god Shiva and his companion Parvati on the bull Nanki in front of a shrine. The relief design of the pendent allows red foil to show through from behind this scene. Above, green copper alloy backs more relief of antelope and birds, this detailed repousse work is characteristic of south Indian Jewelry. In Indian culture all women wear jewelry as a fundamental part of their wardrobe and as a sign of respectability. Jewelry has great importance; it signifies status, marks rituals of life and identity, awards decency, and presents a social background and stage in life. As a protection from misfortune it acts as a store of wealth, and as a medium of prayer it has an association with religion, fortune, and health. This piece of jewelry known as kalata uru meaning â€Å"neck bead† also called a thali was the ceremonial Kazhutthuru necklace from the mercantile Nattukottai Chettir community. Originally this thali was worn by a bride, as a gift from her new husband, during special festival occasions at a Chettiar marriage ceremony, a smaller version was also presented to be worn daily. For a Chettiar marriage a woman’s dowry is an important role through which jewelry was rendered between families, a bride can expect to receive a certain amount of jewelry from her in-laws. The gold used to make the complex marriage necklaces such as this one is given by the bride’s family; except for that used for the central pendant, which is provided by the groom’s family. The thali central pendant was a key factor to the wedding ceremony in that it not only symbolized a blessing from the sun god Suyra it also had spiritual powers to establish a unity between the newly wed bride and groom. Although a Chettiar wedding could take place without the central pendant it was looked upon as a horrible insult to the bride’s family, therefore making it crucial for the groom to present a pendant for the thali that was unique in its own. The smaller daily worn version of the thali known as a mangalsutra is greatly reduced with only a selection of gold pieces rather than the full set of thirty that are worn during the marriage ceremony. Pendants are added to the mangalsutra upon different ritual happenings, each of these pendants has a symbolic meaning, such as fame, education, strength or success. Pendants are also added after the sacred fire, and after conception. Once this jewelry is in the bride’s possession it is known as stridhan or â€Å"women’s wealth†, it belongs solely to the bride and remains an uninfringeable source of financial security for her. In times of trouble the bride could support herself by selling the pendants from it, if not used the stirdhan is inherited by her children. This particular thali actually lacks one pendant. The pendant missing would have been a large elaborate bead representing the foot of Krishna. It is debatable whether a bride sold this pendant during a time of crisis, passed the pendant on to a child, or if this thali was ever completed for a marriage ceremony. The technique in which this thali was made has features from early nineteenth century Europe as well as highly proficient techniques that are unique to the Indian subcontinent. During this period some of the most extensive innovations in craft of gold were created by Indian goldsmiths, some of these skills are still used around the world today. Goldsmiths held high ranking status in the hereditary caste system within the Sudra group of the social categories of India. Out of all metalworkers the status of a goldsmith attributed ritual purity. Goldsmiths worked on the floor of unadorned workshops using simple, sometimes makeshift, tools with which they produced works of great skill and ingenuity. A goldsmith was not only a metal smith, but also worked as an engraver, to mark the pattern of the design to be produced, a chaser, to hollow out the areas that were to be enameled and precious stones to be set, and an enameller, to hatch the surface and fuse colored glass to the piece, a nd on occasion an artist for creating the design of the jewelry. Compared to other works of jewelry of the nineteenth century this ceremonial Kazhutthuru thali is renowned for not only its legendary cultural history but also its exquisite craftsmanship of its time of production. For the last century Upper-class Hindu families have hired goldsmiths to model thalis for their own personal wedding ceremonies, mimicking the Kazhutthuru thali. It has suggested that this thali is as important to India as the royal queens crown is to England. Reference List J.P. Losty, et al. â€Å"Indian subcontinent.† In Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online, oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T040113pg58 (accessed April 8, 2009). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 200-. Marriage Necklace (kalata uru), New York. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. metmuseum.org/toah/ho/10/ssa/ho_1991.32.3.htm Cooper, Ilay, and John Gillow, 1996. Arts and Crafts of India. London: New York: Thames and Hudson Inc. Barnard, Nicholas, 1993. Arts and Crafts of India. London: Conran Octopus Limited. Branard, Nicholas, 2008. Indian Jewelry. London: V A Publishing. Dye III, Joseph M., 2001. The Arts of India Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Research Papers on Indian Marriage Necklace - Research PaperHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Hockey GameInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of India

Biography of Benjamin Banneker, Author and Naturalist

Biography of Benjamin Banneker, Author and Naturalist Benjamin Banneker (November 9, 1731–October 9, 1806) was a self-educated scientist, astronomer, inventor, writer, and antislavery publicist. He built a striking clock entirely from wood, published a farmers almanac, and actively campaigned against slavery. He was one of the first African Americans to gain distinction for achievements in science. Fast Facts: Benjamin Banneker Known For: Banneker was a writer, inventor, and naturalist who published a series of farmers almanacs in the late 1700s.Born: November 9, 1731 in Baltimore County, MarylandParents: Robert and Mary BannekyDied: October 9, 1806 in Oella, MarylandPublished Works: Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia Almanack and Ephemeris, for the Year of our Lord, 1792Notable Quote: â€Å"The color of the skin is in no way connected with strength of the mind or intellectual powers.† Early Life Benjamin Banneker was born on November 9, 1731, in Baltimore County, Maryland. Although he was born a free man, he was the descendant of slaves. At that time, the law dictated that if your mother was a slave then you were a slave, and if she was a free woman then you were a free person. Bannekers grandmother Molly Walsh was a bi-racial English immigrant and an indentured servant who married an African slave named Banna Ka, who had been brought to the Colonies by a slave trader. Molly had served seven years as an indentured servant before she acquired and worked on her own small farm. Molly Walsh purchased her future husband Banna Ka and another African to work on her farm. The name Banna Ka was later changed to Bannaky and then changed to Banneker. Benjamins mother Mary Banneker was born free. Benjamins father Rodger was a former slave who had bought his own freedom before marrying Mary. Education Banneker was educated by Quakers, but most of his education was self-taught. He quickly revealed to the world his inventive nature and first achieved national acclaim for his scientific work in the 1791 survey of the Federal Territory (now Washington, D.C.). In 1753, he built one of the first watches made in America, a wooden pocket watch. Twenty years later, Banneker began making astronomical calculations that enabled him to successfully forecast a 1789 solar eclipse. His estimate, made well in advance of the celestial event, contradicted predictions of better-known mathematicians and astronomers. Bannekers mechanical and mathematical abilities impressed many, including Thomas Jefferson, who encountered Banneker after George Elliot had recommended him for the surveying team that laid out Washington, D.C. Almanacs Banneker is best known for his six annual farmers almanacs, which he published between 1792 and 1797. In his free time, Banneker began compiling the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia Almanac and Ephemeris. The almanacs included information on medicines and medical treatment and listed tides, astronomical information, and eclipses, all calculated by Banneker himself. Many historians believe that the first printed almanac dates to 1457 and was printed by Gutenberg in Mentz, Germany. Benjamin Franklin published his Poor Richards Almanacs in America from 1732 to 1758. Franklin used the assumed name of Richard Saunders and wrote witty maxims in his almanacs such as Light purse, heavy heart and Hunger never saw bad bread. Bannekers almanacs, though they appeared later, were more focused on delivering accurate information than on communicating Bannekers personal views. Letter to Thomas Jefferson On August 19, 1791, Banneker sent a copy of his first almanac to Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. In an enclosed letter, he questioned the slaveholders sincerity as a friend to liberty. He urged Jefferson to help get rid of absurd and false ideas that one race is superior to another. Banneker wished Jeffersons sentiments to be the same as his, that one Universal Father...afforded us all the same sensations and endowed us all with the same faculties. Jefferson responded with praise for Bannekers accomplishments: I thank you sincerely for your letter of the 19th and for the Almanac it contained. No body wishes more than I do to see such proofs as you exhibit, that nature has given to our black brethren, talents equal to those of the other colours of men, that the appearance of a want of them is owing merely to the degraded condition of their existence both in Africa America...I have taken the liberty of sending your almanac to Monsieur de Condorcet, Secretary of the Academy of sciences at Paris, and member of the Philanthropic society because I considered it as a document to which your whole colour had a right for their justification against the doubts which have been entertained of them. Jefferson later sent a letter to the Marquis de Condorcet informing him about Banneker- a very respectable mathematician- and his work with Andrew Ellicott, the surveyor who marked the boundaries of the Territory of Columbia (later the District of Columbia). Death Declining almanac sales eventually forced Banneker to give up his work. He died at home on October 9, 1806, at the age of 74. Banneker was buried at Mount Gilboa  African Methodist Episcopal Church  in  Oella, Maryland. Legacy Bannekers life became the source of legend after his death, with many attributing certain accomplishments to him for which there is little or no evidence in the historical record. His inventions and almanacs inspired later generations, and in 1980 the U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp in his honor as part of the Black Heritage series. In 1996, a number of Bannekers personal belongings were auctioned, and some of them were later loaned to the Benjamin Banneker Historical Park and Museum. Some of Bannekers personal manuscripts, including the only journal  that survived the 1806 fire that destroyed his home, are in the possession of the Maryland Historical Society. Sources Cerami, Charles A.  Benjamin Banneker Surveyor, Astronomer, Publisher, Patriot. John Wiley, 2002.Miller, John Chester.  The Wolf by the Ears: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. University Press of Virginia, 1995.Weatherly, Myra.  Benjamin Banneker: American Scientific Pioneer. Compass Point Books, 2006.

Grief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grief - Assignment Example The struggles to search for him were characterized by sleepless nights and huge expenditures as we all offered ourselves to ensure his survival. K.L was the most supportive member of the family who all of us admired. He was humble, honest, and charming; this made us love him the most. When he went missing and finally died in unknown circumstances, we were hurt more than if it was someone else. The saying by Lewis revived my pain and grief. I now feel as if the sorrowful events that I experienced during the period of lose have just recurred. After reading the saying, I tried to compare what I feel when people in the neighborhood die and what I felt for K.L.; there is a big difference between in the pain and grief I experience when a distant person dies or encounters worst situations. Lewis’s saying reflected on my experiences by reminding me the intense pain and grief I experienced after the disappearance and burial of K.L. According to Winokuer and Harris (2012), reading statements of grief and pain resets the painful and grievous memories of the past found in the sub-conscious mind. This is true because as human beings forget the past, anything related to their life events makes them recall past occurrences. I belief that there is a way we would be honest with ourselves and have it in a different way. Pain and grief are natural elements that all human beings must experience as long as they love. However, we should not anguish forever and destroy our lives. Winokuer and Harris (2012 assert that people experiencing grief should seek the services of a counselor to enable them appreciate situations and take care of their lives. Grief manifests itself through several ways, and it occurs in stages with each stage bringing different emotions (Holleran, 2006). Grief manifests itself through shock; shock constitutes a natural form of adaptation that prevents the victims from the impact of death

Healthcare Financing in Italy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Financing in Italy - Term Paper Example At present, Italy’s healthcare system is financed through different measures, although it is primarily financed through general tax revenues (Maio & Manzoli, 2002, p.304). The National Health Fund (NHF) provides the major financing for public health care. The NHF is yearly apportioned to Italy’s twenty regions, which, in turn, distribute resources to the Local Health Agencies (LHAs). Donatini et al. (2001) cited several public and private revenue sources of Italy’s healthcare system: a regional tax on economic activities, general taxation, other regional taxes, users’ co-payments and private financing (p.35). By 1999, private financing sources already made up 33% of the total health care expenditure (Donatini et al., 2001, p.35). This created a more privatized form of healthcare financing, with increasing dependence on private providers and more out-of-pocket payments. Healthcare Administration For Italy, the primary healthcare institution is the Ministry of Health, which oversees the National Health Fund (Donatini et al., 2001, p.21). The National Health Fund provides financing for the national healthcare system. The Ministry of Health, via its departments and services, accomplishes five various roles: health care planning; health care financing; framework regulation; monitoring; and general governance of the National Institutes for Scientific Research (IRCCS – Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) (Donatini et al., 2001, p.21). Furthermore, regional governments, through their related health departments, aim to follow the national objectives set by the National Health Plan at the regional level (Donatini et al., 2001, p.23). ... Regional health departments are mandated to deliver the healthcare benefit package to the population through a system of local health units and public and private accredited hospitals and clinics (Donatini et al., 2001, p.23). Local health units are geographically-oriented organizations that assess healthcare needs and provide comprehensive care to local target populations (Donatini et al., 2001, p.25). Access and Inequality Issues It is hard to determine access and inequality issues in Italy, because its law states comprehensive healthcare coverage for all their citizens. Mostly likely then, the uninsured ones in both countries are the illegal immigrants, who have to pay for their healthcare expenses through their pockets. Italy aims for a comprehensive public healthcare insurance system but recent deregulation efforts increase private funding and out-of-pocket expenses. Italy has comparable healthcare indicators with Iceland (World Health Organization, 2011). Italy’s regiona l division of average immunization rates shows that total coverage is â€Å"higher in the north than the south† (Donatini et al., 2001, p.61). Furthermore, coverage rates percentage for compulsory vaccinations are better than the recommended ones (Donatini et al., 2001, p.61). For instance, the immunization for measles is 75% for Italy and 100% for Iceland (Donatini et al., 2001, p.62). Conclusion In terms of financing, Italy has a government-financing-dominated healthcare system. Increasing deregulation and privatization, however, increases private financing of the healthcare system. Access problems are based on location and socio-economic status. References Donatini, A.,

Nietsche and Evolution Essay -- Religion Creationism Evolution Essays

Nietsche and Evolution "It is the image of the ungraspable phantom of life; and this is the key to it all." -Melville In 1859 Charles Darwin offered a theory that seemed to disprove the longstanding explanation of the Origin of existence. Darwin's theory of evolution proposes a convincing argument that the universe was not created for a purpose, with intention, by a conscious God, but rather, was a phenomenon of random change. Fredrick Nietzsche articulated the gravity of the effect of Darwin's theory on society. He said that when Darwin published the theory of evolution people stopped believing in God. Nietzsche wrote that when people stopped believing in God, God died. According to Nietzsche people read the theory of evolution as a direct contradiction to the notion of the Mind: a Consciousness behind creation. Nietzsche's assertion pivots on the assumption that God's existence depends solely on human belief. Nietzsche assumes that belief is the greatest power that humans possess, but that this belief could not stand strong against the theory of evolution. So the theory of evolution destroyed the greatest power possessed by humans and in doing so destroyed God and destroyed the notion that there was Something that sparked the origin of species. But Darwin's theory did not stop the study of teleology: people continued the search for the Origin of existence. Even after The Publication in 1859 people still have a powerful need for knowledge, and a yearning faith that It is out there, that there is Meaning. This need fuels humanity's search for God. Darwin may have killed the human belief in a conscious, purposeful God, but he did not kill the human belief in an Origin. The search for the Spark that started existence conti... ... 1859, but only in a very specific God. In 1859 Darwin created a space for people to find new faith. Darwin did not kill the human ability to have faith in a God, but rather, opened the field of possibilities. Nietzsche's argument of 'The Death of God' did not take this opening of possibilities into consideration. Though people might not believe in a certain type of God they continue to search for something. Nietzsche writes with a very narrow definition of God: the conscious, purposeful, mindful Creator of existence. Maybe this God died in 1859, but it did not leave western society Godless. In all of recorded human history people have been searching. There has never been a time when people have given up The Search for Meaning. This Search is what makes God a living reality. Humans are always yearning to find Meaning. Only when this yearning stops will God die.

Decision making Essay

My personal ethics development has been a process and it has changed over the years from people influencing me and myself maturing. As a child, I was raised well by my mother who always taught me to do the right thing when no one was looking. She always made sure I respected my elders and had good manners. I went to a Catholic school when I was in grade school and high school. My family and I would go to church every Sunday and have dinner together every night. My family always taught me to have good values and morals, to be a part of the community in a productive way. The people that raised me in my earlier life played a huge importance on the man I have become. At this point of my life ,I thought my compass was true north as we heard Mr. O’Rourke talk about in the video lecture. I had strong values at all times or at least I thought I did. As my life went on I realized that my compass was north ,but it wasn’t true north. I still had room to grow and become more mature in my decision-making. Sometimes it can be very hard to judge how ethic you are like a person because you are judging yourself. I graduated high school and soon after that I decided that I was going to join the Army instead of going to college. I was 19 years old when I joined the United States Army and enlisted for four years. The minute I arrived to boot camp I was introduced to the seven Army values which are loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, and personal courage. We had to memorize these army values ,as well as The Soldiers Creed and Warrior ethos. The warrior ethos is, I will always place the mission first, I will never quit, I will never accept defeat, and I will never leave a fallen comrade. Every morning we would stand information and have to repeat these creeds and Army values as a group. At the time ,I did not understand why it was suppose important memorize all these things. They would make us do team building exercises, where you would have to trust your fellow Soldiers. Then the next six years of my life will change how I looked at my moral decision making for the rest of my life. I went to Iraq when I was 20 for a 15-month tour and came back 22 years old. Within those six years ,I deployed to Iraq three deferent times for a total of 33 months. While you are deployed in a war situation you will be faced with unethical decisions on a daily basis this is where you got to separate your religious and personal ethics with your jobs ethics. Sometimes you need to make a decision based on a duty-based principal, were right and wrong is determined by an outside source. You do things you don’t necessarily believe in ,but it’s for the better of the workplace, work or in this case for the Army. I look back to the days of basic training and throughout the nine years I have been in the Army and I realize why the Army puts so must stress on values. We have classes all the time on ethics, decision-making and critical thinking. The Army prepares you for the hard decisions you are going to have to make with using sound judgment and values. All the training I received from the Army and them instilling values and standards in my brain helped me to always make ethical decisions in the most distraught instances. It helped me that I was raised with good ethics, morals, and values. It made the transition in the Army easier for myself than some of the other Soldiers. The Army is a perfect example of just because you were raised with bad ethics or values do not mean that you will always live that way. People are brought in from all over the world and have to work with each other on a daily basis and trust each other. The Army will teach you how to have good ethics and values. I see people change all the time over the course of time. They will make you have a role model character once they make you believe in the values and ethics. I am not saying everyone will change or will be able to change but if a person truly wants to change they can change with strong leaders in place with good characters. Ethics is crucial in the business world because there is so much room for corruption and misbehavior in the workplace. There is many chances to make unethical decisions in business that is why it is so important to have mandatory training and have people who believe in you work for you. Every company or business needs to come up with some policy such as code to ethics in the workplace environment. Just cause someone grew up a bad apple does not mean that the person is going to be a bad apple there whole life. People who impact them throughout their lives can change them or a certain job with high ethic standards could change their point of view. It could be as simple as one person who influences that person for them to change to the perspective on their ethics. Without ethics in organizations, there would be no sense of trust among employees and as well with customers. You want to know your employees are making ethical decisions because you cannot watch everyone that works for you all the time. You want them to act the same way whether you are in a room with them or a thousand miles away. It is your responsibility as a leader to influence these people and instill these values and ethics in them. You need to make your employees believe in you and your ideas. Throughout my life ,I feel I have had strong morals but many people have influenced me in a positive way. Most people just need positive influences in their life to shape them to have good strong ethics. I was just lucky enough to have these people in my life from an early age and throughout my life. I have never been the person who does things for entitlement-based, I do not find myself making decisions solely on the basis of what is best for myself.

Hath Not a Jew Eyes The Identity of Shylock and Purpose...

Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice continues to receive criticism because of the many controversial topics integrated within an already debatable plot. One such reproach is whether the play demonstrates factors of anti-Semitism or persists as a criticism of the anti-Sematic tendencies of Christians during Shakespeare’s time. The factor of genre plays an essential role in how the play is interpreted when regarding anti-Semitism, particularly when viewed as either a romantic comedy or a genre that better encompasses the financial, moral, and religious conflict that is so prominent throughout the play. For instance, when analyzed as a comedy, Shylock’s malevolence may not exactly be reviewed as comical, but nevertheless seems peculiar and†¦show more content†¦Shylock distinctly chastises others and reveals he can be incredibly bigoted, such as when he proclaims towards Antonio: How like a fawning publican he looks! I hate him for he is a Christian, but more for that in low simplicity he lends out money gratis and brings down the rate of usance here with us in Venice. If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him (Shakespeare 1.3.42-47) Shylock makes it clear that his hatred for the other characters is perpetuated by the sole fact that they are Christians. This vicious cycle of hatred between Shylock and the Christian characters is maintained by the alleged â€Å"ancient grudge† that has been established between the two religions. Likewise, for Shylock to request a pound of flesh as his bond from Antonio is a horror all in itself. Shylock does not attempt to make any reasonable request, such as receiving Antonio’s money and riches or a demand that results in the degradation of Antonio; rather, he desires the ultimate prize of taking Antonio’s life. Shylock is also considered to be quite greedy and selfish, as observed when he discovers his daughter has robbed him of his riches and stolen away with a Christian man: My daughter, O my ducats, O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Justice, the law, my ducats, and my daughter, A sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats, Of double ducats, stol’n from me by my