Hindus And Muslims Problems Essays - Pakistan Movement,

Hindus And Muslims Problems "It was the cry of outraged womanhood that has peremptorily called me to Noakhal, ... My present mission is the most difficult and complicated one of my life ... I am prepared for any eventuality. 'Do or Die' has to be put to the test here. 'Do' here means Hindus and Mussulmans should learn to live together in peace and amity. Otherwise I should die in the attempt ... No one can escape death. Then why be afraid of it? In fact, death is a friend who brings deliverance from suffering." Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi was a freedom fighter and leader of India who strongly opposed any violence among Hindus and Muslims. As mentioned above, he preferred to teach the world that Hindus and Muslims should learn to live together. Gandhi opposed the partition of India from the beginning to the end. "In May 1947, he was called to Delhi where the new Viceroy Lord Mountbatten had succeeded in persuading the congress leaders to accept Jinnah's insistent demand for the partition of India as a condition precedent for British withdrawal. Gandhi was against partition at any cost but he was unable to convince the congress leaders of the wisdom of his stand. On August 15, 1947, India was partitioned and became free. Mahatma Gandhi declined to attend the celebrations in the capital and went to Calcutta where communal riots were still raging. When Gandhi returned to Delhi in September 1947, the city was in the grip of communal hysteria. Ghostly tales of what had happened to Hindus and Sikhs in West Pakistan had kindled passions which burst into a conflagration when the uprooted victims of this tragedy poured into the city. In a frenzy of vengeance, Hindus and Sikhs had taken the law into their hands and were looting Muslim houses, seizing Mosques, and stabbing innocent passers-by." (Prasad, 1954 p.24) Despite the numerous communal clashes which claimed a number of innocent lives, the separation of India still went ahead. "Pakistan was founded because the Muslims of the subcontinent wanted to build up their lives in accordance with the teachings and traditions of Islam, because they wanted to demonstrate to the world that Islam provides a panacea to the many diseases which have crept into the life of humanity today." Liaquat Ali Khan "The birth of Pakistan on August 14-15, 1947 undermined, from the liberal and left perspective, the values of religious tolerance and cultural pluralism. The ideological foundations of secular nationalism, the main plank of Indian National Congress in its mobilization campaigns, also weakened. For the Muslim communities that remained in India, partition was a nightmare." (Hasan, 1997 p. 6) Liaquat Ali Khan was trying to explain to the world the need for separation and the reason for separation of India into two since the teachings and traditions of Islam would not mix with Hinduism. Meanwhile, in his book, Hasan was emphasizes the horrors of separation for the Muslim communities in India. Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister shared the same view as Mahatma Gandhi on the partitioning of India and the violence occurred as a result of it. In an impromptu radio broadcast on September 9th 1947, he said, "it is an extraordinary thing that I have seen. I have seen horror enough and I have seen many people die. ... Death is bad and painful, but one gets used to death. But there are some things much worse than death that have taken place. I am ashamed of the acts that my people have done and I fear the disgrace and the consequences of evil deeds will remain with us for a long time. ... This morning, our leader, our master, Mahatma Gandhi, came to Delhi, and I went to see him, and I sat by him for a while wondering how low we have fallen from the great ideals that he had placed before us." Mohammad Ali Jinnah was being encouraged by his followers on separating Hindus from Muslims, and creating conflict between the two. "A Muslim was overheard saying to Jinnah in 1946, a large factory for the mass Hinduisation of Muslims has been established in Delhi under the very name of the All-India Muslim leaders ... I am referring to the so-called Jamia Millia. Dr. Zakir Husain was selected by Gandhi and Co. for carrying out their plan for Hinduising Muslims in the spirit of the Wardha scheme which was prepared ... under the guidance and supervision of Gandhi, the most astute and cunning hypocrite of all time. The object

Policy Analysis Homelessness

Policy Analysis Homelessness Problem Identification The term refers to a state of affairs whereby some members of society do not have places they can call home. Such individuals survive through assistance from government and well-wishers. Homelessness is associated with so many societal evils, which calls for immediate solution. The public, as well as government, is endangered with the issue of homeless.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Policy Analysis: Homelessness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Policy makers in government and in private sectors must come up with ways of solving the problem completely since they are both affected. The private sector suffers from insecurity and other forms of crime while the government is unable to design a viable budget for the country. Many factors cause homelessness but this paper will highlight some of the consequences. The effects are so severe hence calling for sound policies that can bring relief to t he public. People who stay in the cold are vulnerable to diseases such as tuberculosis, skin diseases and nutritional deficiencies. This leads to overspending of resources in curing such complexities. Furthermore, life in the streets is brutal meaning that physical attacks and muggings are prevalent. Such attacks affect the well-being of society, for instance women are exposed to sexual assault while children are taken through inhuman processes. It is therefore true that homelessness is a serious issue that needs to be tackled with gravity. This paper identifies some of the solutions to the problem and analyzes the viability of each solution. It is identified that policy analysis is an important aspect of any project. Homelessness needs policies that are practical that is, attainable. Such policies can only be achieved through proper analysis. Policy Solution and Alternatives There are a number of solutions to the problem of homelessness such as political, perceptual and personal so lutions. Perceptual policy is more costly and time consuming because it relates to changing the views of members of society. As an alternative, the policy is applicable only after solving political problems. Personality policy is another alternative to the problem but it is more specific meaning that individuals themselves can come up with ideas on how to improve their lives. Community-based organizations can help individuals accomplish personal missions. Political solutions are more important because they consist of governmental action. It is about coming up with sound policies that aim at eliminating the problem.Advertising Looking for proposal on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It takes place in government that is, in the legislature, judiciary or executive. In this paper, more emphasis will be put on the executive branch because it is concerned with public policy. The government must come u p with policies that guarantee affordable housing, timely prevention and rapid re-housing plans, all-inclusive mental health services and increased social help (Drake, 2002). Policy makers from government are the only officers charged with designing all public programs. Process Activities There are some steps followed in designing policies both in government and in the private sector. Six steps must be followed keenly when creating or formulating a public policy. The first step would be to classify general understandings and fundamental regulations for working together. Any solution to homelessness would involve cooperation among various stakeholders, both in government and private sectors. All parties involved in solving the problem must understand some concepts. Second step pertains to laying the groundwork. Each party or stakeholder should be informed his/her role and responsibility. Existing gaps must be sealed through consensus meaning that differences must be sorted out before setting up the project. As it is has always been the case, information is power. Policy formulators cannot do much unless enough data is provided. This means that some research on the problem is very important for project prosperity. Without funding, the policy is bound to fail. Sources of funding should be identified in advance and each department allocated sufficient capital and human resources. The fourth step is more practical because it pertains to execution policy execution. Policy makers at this stage must build strategies and work plans to guide the project. For efficient participation in public policy process, all stakeholders, mainly communities that are new to the project, should sketch their model in advance. Typical processes should as well be staged to enlighten each group of what to anticipate, and of what is required of them in terms of contribution to the process. After clear coordination of activities, it is now appropriate for policy makers to put strategies and processes into action. Joint ventures demand that all parties must adhere to the set standards and processes. Each office must strive to deliver the best results.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Policy Analysis: Homelessness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The last stage is the most important because it gives feedback to policy makers. The stage is crucial in determining the success of the project. The stage is evaluation of joint process and measuring outcomes. Through evaluation, policy makers can identify what has been working and what needs to be adjusted in order to eliminate homelessness (Kraft, Furlong, 2010). In this stage, agreements made by stakeholders are closely monitored and assessed. Policy Analysis and Evaluation Evaluating a policy is important because it gives policy makers a clear picture of what should be done and what have been achieved. Through evaluation, policy formulators identify the s trengths and weaknesses of a particular policy. Resources could be wasted without policy evaluation. Policy makers can decide to move on with project implementation or put it on hold depending on performance. It is true that evaluation saves resources and avoids unnecessary wastages that can happen due to ignorance. Projects aiming at solving public issues are usually sensitive because they are prone to misappropriation and embezzlement. It is only through evaluation that policy makers can account for each cent spent in the project. Since homelessness is a wide issue, solving it without proper assessment would result to more problems. Evaluation generates more data that can be utilized in answering questions related to homelessness. Scholars have formulated several theories and techniques for policy analysis. Herbert Simon came up with rational theory in 1976, to explain how policy makers ought to make public policies (Herbert, 1976). The theory is applied in systems that are stable such as government. Furthermore, the issue of homelessness is neither ambiguous nor limited in expensive hence the theory can be employed in analyzing the policy. It has some processes such as gathering data, identifying the real problem, which is homelessness in this case, assessing the consequences of alternatives such as personal, political and perceptional, and finally choosing the most preferred option, which is political action in this paper.Advertising Looking for proposal on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An important feature in analyzing policies is identifying decision criteria. This entails identifying factors that must be considered when designing policies. Some factors must be considered in making homelessness policies such as politics, accountability, socio-cultural factors, legitimacy, uncertainties, availability of resources and environmental effects. Politicization of policymaking process may lead to delays and failures in the implementation stage. Policy makers must therefore be aware of decision criteria and prepare for it amply. Policy makers can eliminate some decision criteria such as environment impacts, but others cannot be abolished. There are also various types of evaluation techniques that can be utilized in analyzing outcomes. The first type of evaluation is referred to as purely formal evaluation. It entails examining every day or routine tasks. This type of evaluation poses some questions as regards to completion of tasks and conformity to set rules and standard s. Answers to these questions are evaluated carefully and corrective measures are taken immediately. Another evaluation technique is client satisfaction evaluation (Radin, 2000). This type actually seeks to know whether employees understand their roles and responsibilities. Sometimes, projects fail because employees are not familiar to the beneficiaries of the project. Furthermore, client satisfaction evaluation aspires to know whether the targeted group is satisfied with the way a program is being implemented. Once more, responses to these questions are carefully scrutinized and acted upon. Outcomes checklist form of evaluation is concerned with measuring the number of goals and objectives realized. It is useful because not all goals are met at the same time. Others take time to be accomplished hence it is necessary to identify the ones achieved. Expense and effectiveness is another form of evaluation employed by policy makers in measuring the costs and the effects of a particular program. Policy makers think about the possible thing that could have happened without the policy. Did the program achieve its desired objectives? This question is important in policy implementation in public sector. References Drake, H. (2002). Constantine and the Bishops: The Politics of Intolerance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Herbert, S. (1976). Administrative Behavior (3rd ed.). New York, NY: The Free Press. Kraft, M., Furlong, R. (2010). Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives (3rd ed.). New York, NY: CQ Press. Radin, B. (2000). Beyond Machiavelli: Policy Analysis Comes of Age. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press.

Foreclosure Crises and the Effect on Affordable Housing Research Paper

Foreclosure Crises and the Effect on Affordable Housing - Research Paper Example The affordable housing crisis is due to gap between housing costs at one hand and household income at the other. Minimum wage does not provide enough income to a household so as to rent a two-bedroom home at the fair market rate. The gap is widening even more today. The paper explores the impact of mortgage crisis and subsequent foreclosures on the availability of affordable housing. Housing Affordability is a National Issue Bravve et al. (2012) argue that almost all states in US are facing affordable housing crisis. In 2012, the average extremely low-income (ELI) household cannot afford to spend more than $505 on rent, as on average they will earn nearly $20,210. They further argue that nationally one-bedroom fair market rent (FMR) is $797 going up at $949 for two-bedroom dwelling – much beyond the capacity of ELI households to pay. The gap has grown in the wake of the worst recession that US is facing currently. The crisis has caused most profound impact in certain areas whe re unemployment rate is high. In the aftermath of subprime crisis, ELI renter faces tough time for an affordable housing in a rental market. The supply of low-cost rental units is fast shrinking as more housing units are converted to serve higher income households. ... About 8 million individuals fall in this category that cannot afford to pay rent above $209 because they receive monthly federal monthly payment of $698 in the current year. Ironically, 57% of all recipients have only a single source of income. Based on this criterion, not a single county in the US can supply affordable housing. Moreover, the number of Americans subsisting on low-income are on the rise and the need for affordable housing will continue to grow. Housing Policy and its Effect on Affordable Housing Wallison (2010) puts blame squarely on the government housing policy that led to the financial crisis and subsequent collapse of the housing market that finally resulted into the depleted supply of affordable housing throughout the US. The housing policies created subprime mortgages and finally when the market started collapsing in 2007, the defaults on loans started taking place in masses resulting into thousands of foreclosures within a short period of time. A subprime loan is defined as a credit to those who have less than 660 FICO credit score. Even Alt-A loan is not considered prime loan due to some deficiency associated with it. Usually, Alt-A loans have low down payments, or insufficient documentation with regard to income and employment details. In the current situation even Alt-A loans have the same default percentages as subprime loans. In the early 1990s, the government pressed the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to lower the mortgage requirements so that more individuals could purchase homes. Under an affordable housing â€Å"mission† drive, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae started purchasing loans from the original lenders

The Impact of Strategic Alignment on IT Projects Essay

The Impact of Strategic Alignment on IT Projects - Essay Example Governing information technology is one of the most critical issues facing governments today. Henderson and Venkatraman [2] argues that Information Technology (IT) can deliver no value without carefully planning to achieve the potential of IT implementation with business goals. Such concern is a focus of many business executives today [3, 4]. The concept of the Strategic Alignment perspectives is used as a systematic measurement tool to better achieve the mutual linkage between business and IT strategies. This paper sheds light on how Strategic Alignment perspectives have an impact on the success of government IT projects. The subject frames the general contribution of this paper. Organization strategy, knowledge, decision-making, Enterprise Architecture (EA) and public value are among key perspectives that are examined to enhance organization performance. The current SA perspectives is then analyzed in a local Australian Council context in which these perspectives are most appropriately used and the appropriate practices for IT value is recommended to be used in public policy. An Australian Council is responsible for a city's basic needs like garbage removal, planning of the town, and parks. The focus on an Australian Council was chosen due to the simplicity of this type of governance. Henderson and Venkatraman [2] define Strategic Alignment as 'selecting appropr... Henderson and Venkatraman [2] define Strategic Alignment as 'selecting appropriate alignment perspectives for achieving business objectives'. Reich & Benbasat [9] defines alignment as the degree to which the information technology mission, objectives, and plans support are supported by the business mission, objectives, and plans. Luftman [4] defines business IT alignment as applying IT in an appropriate and timely way in harmony with business strategies, goals and needs. Kearns & Sabherwal [10] argue that in order to improve organizational performance, achieving Strategic Alignment between business and IT is essential. Others argue that firm's failure to realize the potential value of IT is due partially to the absence of Strategic Alignment [2, 11, 12]. In 2007 Chan and Reich [3] published an annotated bibliography of alignment which listed over 150 articles. The current concept of the Strategic Alignment models in some ways reflects and accommodates a long history of research and practice concerning the most effective means of linking business and technology strategies. However, it is important to measure this alignment, and to quantify its effectiveness. Responding to a call for a more comprehensive alignment measurement, many models have been developed. For example the Critical Success Factors (CSF) model developed by Rockart [13] is one of the earliest models that link the use of IT to the organizational objectives and its strategies. The CSF is still widely used today. The Strategic Grid model, developed by McFarlan [14], addresses four quadrants: support, factory, transition, and strategy each of which represents a situation for the company. This model explains how IT is related to strategy and business operations in a company. The

Consumer behavior about the target-based internet market in China Literature review

Consumer behavior about the target-based internet market in China - Literature review Example Aside from this, data shall be collected through the use of survey questionnaires developed by the researcher based on the literature reviewed. In addition, 100 respondents will likewise participate, selecting the same through the use of purposive sampling. To better understand the said research methodologies, this chapter shall be divided into the following sections to discuss each topic presented; these are: (1) Introduction, (2) Research Design, (3) Research Approach, (4) Data Collection, (5) Sampling, (6) Data Analysis and (7) Summary. In each of the said sections, various studies shall be cited, taking into consideration the fact that the same have made use of similar methodologies. Research Design In general, the main research design of this study follows the quantitative design. Hopkins (2000) defines the quantitative approach to research as that which focuses on the determination of the relationship between one independent variable and an independent variable. It is usually e ither descriptive or experimental, based on the different goals that the study aims to attain (Hopkins 2000; Creswell 2009). Aside from the abovementioned, various researchers have mentioned the importance of the quantitative research design in finalizing results as well as in proving and disproving various hypotheses. The researcher deems it necessary to make use of the quantitative design in order to help in the determination of the general perceptions of the consumers with respect to target-based internet marketing. Taking the abovementioned advantages in consideration, the researcher believes that it is through the use of the quantitative method that the former will be able to determine the relationship between the features of target-based internet marketing and the behaviors of the consumers with respect to the same. Hamid (2008) conducted a study in relation to the behavior of the customer’s behavior towards internet technology and internet marketing tools. In this stud y, the quantitative approach to research was used in order to prove or disprove five hypotheses. Aside from Hamid (2008), Shaver (2007) also made use of the quantitative approach to research in order to investigate twenty-six variables related to demographics in his study entitled â€Å"The Impact of the Internet on Consumer Information Search Behavior in the United States†. Research Approach This section has been devoted by the researcher to discuss the research approach that shall be employed in this study. It was previously mentioned that this research takes the descriptive approach in order to complement its quantitative design. Hopkins (2000) mentioned that there are two types of a quantitative research: experimental and descriptive. The experimental method is generally characterized by three elements: (1) Manipulation, (2) Control and (3) Randomization. These three elements signify that the researcher control the situation of the research so as to obtain the data needed (Hopkins 2000; â€Å"Ways of Approaching Research: Quantitative Design n.d.). On other hand, the descriptive approach is more concerned with regard to gaining information with respect to the characteristics of the different aspects of the study. According to the article entitled â€Å"Ways of Approaching Research: Quantitative Designs† (n.d.), the descriptive study is used in order to achieve the following: (1) the development of a theory, (2) identify various problems associated with practice, (3) justify

How the Elizabethan Era was Built

How the Elizabethan Era was Built Eva A. Flynn Architecture from during the Elizabethan Era has largely helped to shape architecture in England today. The Elizabethan era began when Queen Elizabeth came into power. This was from vaguely around 1550-1625. There were not a lot of architectural improvements during the rule of Henry VIII because of the lack of money. Money was sparse during this time because the wool trade became less profitable. This caused there to be less extra wealth to expend on architecture. While Queen Elizabeth was ruling over England, she helped the economy to grow by encouraging people to return to farming. England grew wealthier as a result and this allowed more people to have more money. Because England was no longer in debt, there was finally money to spend on architecture (Ross). Hardwick Hall is arguably one of the most important buildings from the Elizabethan era. Hardwick Hall was originally just a small house in the country where Elizabeth Talbot and her family lived (Dm). Later in life, Talbot became Countess of Shrewsbury and was also known as Bess of Hardwick. She was the second most powerful and wealthy woman in Elizabethan England, the first being Queen Elizabeth herself (Alchin 2). Talbot acquired a large amount of wealth when she was older so she hired Robert Smythson, a very influential Elizabethan architect, to redesign Hardwick Hall for her. The building plan for Hardwick hall is essentially a wide H (Dm). Hardwick Hall has four storeys and there are numerous glass windows. There is even an old English rhyme that says: Hardwick Hall more glass than wall (Alchin 2). Hardwick Halls structure follows the trademark Elizabethan design of symmetry. On the inside, Hardwick Hall is very open and dramatic with many different influences, one  of them b eing Italian early Renaissance. Hardwick hall was completed in 1597 but was later restored in 1997. Today, Hardwick Hall still contains most of Elizabeth Talbots original furnishings and artwork (Dm). Even today, Elizabethan architecture is important. Without styles and designs from this era, the world would not contain great masterpieces such as Hardwick Hall and the Globe Theater. Architecture is still continuing to develop in society now. All of the ideas that were brought about during the Elizabethan era have helped architecture across the globe to become more modernized, practical, and even beautiful. Inigo Joness first well-known building in England was the Queens House in Greenwich. Jones was called to England by Henry, the Prince of Wales. The House in Greenwich was built for Queen Anne. Many architects used style ideas from this building to improve themselves (Locher). Building the Queens House in Greenwich is a large part of what made Jones so well known. Inigo Jones was greatly influenced by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. Jones took multiple trips to Italy throughout his career. These trips largely helped to shape his understanding of architecture. Another building that helped Jones to gain his fame is St. Pauls Cathedral. Inigo Jones remodelled the cathedral and added a more classical style to this buildings Gothic looks. Sadly, St. Pauls Cathedral was burnt down in the Great Fire of London in 1666 (Inigo Jones). Robert Smythson was another influential architect from the Elizabethan era. Robert Smythson commonly used Renaissance designs in his works, but he also added his own style to his buildings (Great British Architects: Robert Smythson). Smythson is said to have created the Cross-hall plan, which is present in Hardwick Hall. The Cross-hall plan is another example of how symmetrical and practical ideas were often used for architecture during the Elizabethan era (Architecture (Elizabethan)). Smythson made sure his buildings were practical while also being aesthetically pleasing. Smythson would construct high basements to allow light to shine into the basements. Smythson was also known to build many staircases in his buildings so that each part of the building would be easy to access (Locher). Robert Smythson worked for multiple great architectural supporters during the  Elizabethan era. Many of his and his sons technical drawings are still present today. In Smythsons drawings, his own pe rsonal designs can be seen. Robert Smythsons sons inherited his practice and carried on his work (Great British Architects: Robert Smythson) During the Elizabethan era house were symbols of where someone stood in the social classes. If you were royalty, you would live in a house of royal works (Kamhi). Since the feudal system was no longer up and running, mansions were not built for practicality and defense. Instead, they were built for luxury and beauty (Alchin 2). Royal works were huge, magnificent homes with many storeys. On the different storeys there were numerous rooms and great halls. The mansions were built on top of stone foundations and there were miles of courtyard and gardens (Kamhi). Gardens in wealthy homes were large and had places to sit and view all of the beautiful flowers featured there. These gardens would seem luxurious even today (Mahabal). High upper-class members, such as doctors and businessmen, lived in great houses. Great houses were similar to royal houses, just not quite as grand, but beautiful nonetheless. Merchants, craftsmen, and tradesmen owned smaller country homes. Country homes were hom ely and inexpensive. Because they were usually owned by merchants and craftsmen who possessed many different materials, not as much money was spent buying items to build them. This usually meant that they were fairly inexpensive. Farm house were for farmers and their families. Unlike the other homes during the Elizabethan era, farmhouses were not for status, they were simply just used as homes to live in (Kamhi). When the Elizabethan era began, the style of buildings switched from Gothic designs to Renaissance designs with symmetrical plans. Another architectural difference during the Elizabethan era was that the horizontal line was accented as opposed to the vertical line (Alchin 2). The Renaissance began in Italy around the 1400s but it moved to England later, during the Elizabethan era which was around the 1500s 1600s (Locher). Dutch influence was intermixed with Renaissance ideas to inspire the Elizabethan details (Ross). Elizabethan architecture utilized ideas from both the Italian and Dutch Renaissance (Mahabal). During the Elizabethan era, architects added chimneys to buildings. Having chimneys made it possible for halls to have ceilings, allowing more floors to be built over them (Manco). One of the most common floor plans for buildings during the Elizabethan era was the E-shaped plan. This plan helped with air circulation and let in sunlight (Locher). In the E-plan, the horizontal sides of buildings were usually the kitchens on one side and living area on the other. The long, vertical line of the E was the main hall and upper floors. The middle horizontal line was the entry of the manor. Some say that the E-plan was a tribute to Queen Elizabeth, but this is not likely to be true. The E-plan probably became so popular due to the fact that it is a practical and symmetrical plan. During the Elizabethan era, practicality and symmetry were largely emphasized (Ross). When viewing buildings from the front, it was noticeable that each side mirrored the other. To keep up the architectural symmetry, chimneys and gables were built on both sides of buildings to exactly replicate the opposite side (Mahabal). Homes in the middle of towns and cities did not have as much ground spac e to build on. Elizabethan architects managed to find a way to solve this problem by having upper storeys of buildings hang out over the street. Buildings in towns and cities were often built very close together and because they hung out over the streets, Elizabethan streets were covered by shadows of buildings usually. England began to prosper under Queen Elizabeth, leaving more money for people to spend on luxurious things. All the new money helped architecture to thrive and become even more beautiful (Ross). Designs were not always flashy and noticeable but there is a subtle beauty to Elizabethan architecture. A very common detail used in Elizabethan buildings was strapwork (Cibelli). This detail was used by many architects during this time. Manors with multiple storeys would feature long galleries. These galleries would be used to display portraits and people would sometimes exercise in them. Oftentimes, windows would be on three sides of the gallery and there was usually a fireplace along the fourth side (Ross). Many fireplaces would have intricate designs, adding to the beauty of homes (Manco). Large windows were also commonly present in Elizabethan homes (Locher). Many Elizabethans would have their windows glazed as another aesthetic detail (Manco). Instead of hanging art on the walls of mano rs, people would sometimes make the walls into their own artforms (Locher). The Globe Theater played a large part in Shakespeares plays during the Elizabethan era. Peter Street designed the Globe Theater utilizing Elizabethan styles and designs. Many of Shakespeares plays were performed at the Globe Theater. The original Globe Theater was destroyed by a fire in 1613 but it was rebuilt again a year later (Architecture (Elizabethan)). While the original Globe Theater had a thatched roof, the rebuilt theater was topped with a tiled roof (Alchin 3). In 1642, the Globe Theater was closed by the Puritans. Then, it was torn down in 1644. A replica of the Globe Theater was built in 1997 still using details from the Elizabethan era (Architecture (Elizabethan)). The actual architecture of the Globe Theater featured ideas from the Roman Coliseum. Some of the architectural designs of the Globe Theater also display Greek details (Alchin 3). Looking back into the Elizabethan era, many have noticed that houses were often torn down and then built new during the Elizabethan era. This was sometimes called the Great Rebuilding (Manco). Houses werent always torn down, though. Some Tudor manors were worked on and improved using Elizabethan styles. New ideas that came about during the Elizabethan era allowed architects to renovate old buildings and make them more practical and more beautiful. Queen Elizabeth is largely to thank for the rise in architecture due to all the money that she helped England gain (Ross). The fact that buildings from during the Elizabethan era are still around today proves that the architects from this period were very skilled and that they built things to stay intact for a while (Alchin 1). Timber was often used for lower classes and upper-class homes were built using stone (Alchin 2). Middle and lower-class homes would have thatched roofs as ceilings (Alchin 1). Thatched roofs would be much cheaper for homes, but also not as safe or durable. Architecture today is definitely not the same as it was during the Elizabethan era. Nonetheless, all of the ideas from architecture during the Elizabethan era have helped to develop the architecture today. Even the famous White House has some details that are present in Elizabethan architecture. The symmetry of its design and its large columns and massive staircases reflect ideas that were important in the Elizabethan era. All of the architects from the Elizabethan era brought different ideas that all helped to shape Elizabethan style. Smythson came up with the Cross-hall plan that is used in Hardwick Hall (Architecture (Elizabethan)). Inigo Jones traveled to Italy and brought many architectural ideas back to England (Inigo Jones). Even the lesser-known architects helped to contribute to the details that made up all of the Elizabethan buildings. Designs from the Renaissance made Elizabethan architecture more classical. Using the E-plan in while building manors and other buildings helped with air circulation and allowed more sunlight to enter the homes (Locher). Size and grandness of homes helped distinguish the differences between social classes (Kamhi). Without the Elizabethan era, architecture today would be extremely different. If a person were to stop and actually analyze buildings and their structures, they would notice all of the little things that greatly affect how our buildings work. Everything from the basements to the ceilings of homes has been developing throughout time. The ideas that became prominent during the Elizabethan era have helped architects today make better buildings, and Elizabethan ideas will continue helping future architects. Works Cited Alchin, Linda. Architecture of Elizabethan Houses. Elizabethan Era. n.p., 2017. Web. March 28, 2017. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/architecture-of-elizabethan-houses.htm>. Alchin, Linda. Elizabethan Architecture. Elizabethan Era. n.p., February 7, 2017. Web. February 8, 2017. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-architecture.htm>. Alchin, Linda. Globe Theatre Architecture. Bardstage. SiteSeen Ltd., June 2015. Web. March 28, 2017. http://www.bardstage.org/globe-theatre-architecture.htm>. Architecture (Elizabethan). Digital Board. n.p., March 15, 2012. Web. March 24, 2017. http://digitalbard.lmc.gatech.edu/wiki/index.php/Architecture_(Elizabethan)>. Cibelli, Deborah. The Elizabethan Style. The Art and Architecture of the British Renaissance. Nicholls State University, n.d. Web. February 8, 2017. https://www.nicholls.edu/art-dhc/elizabethanstyle.html>. Dm, Ammar Ali. Hardwick Hall Architecture, Design and History. Architect Boy. n.p., 2017. Web. March 24, 2017. http://architectboy.com/hardwick-hall-architecture-history/>. Great British Architects: Robert Smythson. Country Life. Time Inc., January 15, 2009. Web. March 27, 2017. http://www.countrylife.co.uk/culture/country-house-architecture/great-british-architects-robert-smythson-31128>. Inigo Jones. Architecture. Riba, n.d. Web. March 27, 2017. https://www.architecture.com/Explore/Architects/InigoJones.aspx>. Kamhi, Valerie. Elizabethan Architecture. Elizabethan England. n.p., n.d. Web. March 28, 2017 http://www2.springfield.k12.il.us/schools/springfield/eliz/architecture.html>. Locher, Barbara, et al. A History of Elizabethan Architecture. Elizabethan England. n.p., n.d. Web. February 8, 2017. http://www2.springfield.k12.il.us/schools/springfield/eliz/HistLizArch.html>. Mahabal, Prasad. Architecture Style during Elizabethan Era. Elizabethan Era England Life. n.p., November 2016. Web. February 20, 2017. http://www.elizabethanenglandlife.com/elizabethan-architecture.html>. Manco, Jean. Tudor and Elizabethan Architecture (1485-1603). Researching Historic Buildings in the British Isles. n.p., December 12, 2013. Web. February 13, 2017. http://www.buildinghistory.org/style/tudor.shtml>. Ross, David. Elizabethan Architecture in England 1550-1625. Britain Express. n.p., n.d. Web. February 13, 2017. http://www.britainexpress.com/architecture/elizabethan.htm>.

My Teaching Style Essay -- Education Teaching Teachers Classroom Essay

My Teaching Style Pragmatist teaching style is the best way to describe my style of teaching. I will involve the kids in hands on learning. I want to be an educator because I want to make learning more fun for the children. I also love to work with children. I really like to work with children, and I would like to work with the children to help better them in school. Working with children in helping them learn makes me feel great. I am more of a progressive when it comes to my philosophy of education. I think you should have children based activities in the classroom. Children should have more hand-on activities to help them learn. I think the teacher should deal with the small problems there in the classroom, and not involve the office. Involving the office too much could result in losing control of your classroom. In my classroom I will have the seats arrange in a semi-circle because all the students can see you and the chalk-board easier. It also prevents the children that like to sit in the back of the classroom. It will involve everybody in the learning process. I will have bulletin boards up according to the time of the year it is. In the fall, I will put up leaves on the bulletin board to show the leaves are changing, and they are falling off the trees. For winter, I will put snowflakes on the board to show it is cold outside. For spring time, I will have the leaves coming onto the trees, and showing how the things outside are changing back to green. I will have projects going on throughout the year. I will have children play games to help them study for upcoming test. I will have items on a bulletin board to show how well the children are behaving. I will give ... ...elp me out in a lot of ways. I am planning to continue my education by going onto graduate school. I am hoping that furthering my education will have a positive effect on my teaching style. My mentor teacher will help me further my education in ways of them teaching me the ways of teaching in that school system. I will be willing to take in information from outside the classroom, and use it in my everyday teaching style. My development in the future will be helped out through my mentor teacher, and the efforts of the other teachers. I will bring my own ideas into how I teach in the classroom. I will bring in new stuff to teach the students of how or not how to do things. I will always explain to my students, like the 9/11 tragedy, of the importance of what just happened in the world. I will make everything clear that is happening in the world.

“But is it Art?” By Cynthia Freeland

At the present, the contemporary society has offered many and different forms and characteristics of exemplification and abstraction of the humanistic aspect of the society in the form of what is generally known as art. The said manifestations of the artistic nature of the people is viewed by many to be of no value as they do not coincide or agree with the principal guidelines of artistic consideration. On the other hand, other groups in the society claim the other way around.This difference in the interpretation and view regarding the artistic value of the emotional and concrete manifestations of the abstracted values of the people produces conflict of opinions in the art aspect of the humanity. In this spectacle of social ambiguity that the book of Cynthia Freeland entitled â€Å"But is it Art† appeals most. The book by Freeland generally perceives the contemporary artistic manifestations to be examples of the modern artistic vision of the society as related with their new n orms and social values.By exemplifying and analyzing different art forms in the modern society, Freeland claims that the modern manifestations of the humanistic aspect of the society is still considerably within the principles of artwork and are all appreciable in their own aspects. By also considering the different changes and advancement in the social development, she also claims that principles of the old art forms has not yet excluded by the present society but instead it became more vivid and artistic with the expansion beyond the past boundaries.The book of Freeland considers different aspects of the present art form in relation to the dominant social values and cultures each discussed sufficiently and intrinsically in the book. By this analysis and with incorporation of different ideas from other art critic, Freeland has developed a concept in her book describing the present mediums and manifestations of the humanistic aspect of the present society to be within the classifica tion of art in their own definition of artistic representation and expression.

6 Practical Steps to Building a Professional Handshake

6 Practical Steps to Building a Professional Handshake Never underestimate the importance of a good handshake. Fortune 500 CEOs have even admitted that, given two identically qualified candidates, they’re more likely to give the job to the one with the better handshake. How do you make yours work for you?1.  Get your hands ready.Make sure your right hand is free in situations where you’re likely to need to shake hands. This is a weird detail, but important- especially if you’ve been holding a cold drink in your hand, which might make your handshake cold and clammy! And yes, you should use your right hand. That’s the tradition, and it avoids lots of awkward fumbling. Also, it should go without saying, make sure your hands are clean.2. Aim for the web.You don’t want to only grab the person’s fingers, but you also don’t want to try and swallow their wrist with your hand either. Aim to touch the web between your thumb and forefinger to the web between their thumb and forefinger. Don’t go too hard, but you should practice enough on yourself to get a sense of how it feels when you hit the right spot.3. Minimize the pressure.Yes, you do need  pressure. Firm pressure. But not too firm. And don’t pinch. Don’t crush any bones. But  definitely don’t err on the side of not squeezing enough- there’s nothing worse than a limp handshake.4. Make eye contact.Look your handshake partner straight in the eye, which inspires trust. It’s a nice touch to repeat the name of the person you’re being introduced to while you’re shaking- â€Å"Nice to meet you, Bob!†5.  Project confidence.Whatever you do, don’t panic. You want to be the cool and collected party here. Act confident and no one will know you’re secretly aiming for their web. A good trick to show your poise is to offer your hand first.6. Know when to let go.People who linger too long in a handshake can be considered creepy or clingy. Get in there, g rip with the ideal amount of firmness, shake once, then let go and get on with the exchange. Once you get the balance right, you’ll be forever grateful that you did.

If I were President essays

If I were President essays If I were president I would strive to accomplish these three major things. First, I would strengthen our educational system, second, I would make certain that everyone has equal and fair treatment in our society, and lastly, I would secure our borders. Our education system in America is not one in which we should be very proud of. Yes, America does have excellent schools, colleges, and learning institutions, but our standards are not set as high as other countries. For example, our country does not fund our schools adequately. Teachers teach with not enough books, no supplies, or books that are often over 20 years old. How can we expect our children to be up to date with the worlds information if our teaching materials are not new? Often teachers in our public schools are forced to buy text books and supplies for our children with their own personal money. Why do they do this? Because they believe in a good education for all learners. Our country "prides" itself on the quality of education a person can receive here, yet teachers are one of the countries lowest paid professionals. If I were president, I would also make sure that everyone in this country was treated equal and fair. The 13th Amendment to the constitution did abolish slavery, and the 14th Amendment was passed to counter the black codes, but in reality, discrimination still occurs in every aspect today in America. Discrimination is not just a black and white issue, it also has to do with age, gender, equal housing, religion, national origin, and credit, to name a few. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped to reinstate what the amendments tried to do early in history, but there is still much to be done. Companies need to be regulated better, and stricter rules need to be enforced and fined if necessary. Every American deserves the right to be treated with equality and fairness whether they are male or female, old or young, or non white. ...

Letter of Advice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Letter of Advice - Research Paper Example The most important thing in a new relationship is to develop understanding and trust among each other. Only with understand can hindrances or fail of communication can be coped up. One very common example of a failure in effective communication occurs when interaction or communication between people take place either in a crowded place or through a medium like telephone where the voice cannot be heard properly. Under such circumstances, it is very much possible that a partner could misinterpret or hear something else that was intended to. For example while taking the course we came across a couple in class that shared their experience of miscommunication over the phone. The couple had recently tied the knot and one fine day while talking on the phone from office the female partner said â€Å"Honey my life was so incomplete without you.† The male partner heard the sentence wrong and asked â€Å"Do you mean to say that your life was complete without me and that now I am part of it it’s not complete?† The female partner without realizing what she heard said yes. This infuriated the male partner and he banged the phone down only to return home late and drunk that night. Later when the issue was sorted out the problem looked very simple but because the two of them had not known each other that well, it had looked very big before. Our lecturer then told us that it is very important to develop an understanding so one could know what to expect from the other. The lecturer gave the example of the couple and said that if there was better understanding between the couple at that moment in their life then an incident of that nature would not have taken place. The male partner would know that his female partner would never say something like that and even if she does then maybe in light humour. This was an ideal example of misconception in interpersonal communication (West and Turner, 2010). The relationship of a newly engaged couple is very delicate as both the partners try to make maximum effort in trying to understand each other. It is also a testing time when a partner tests the patience, attitude, behaviour and other characteristics of his or her counterpart. It is very important to select the words in order to create and affect the attitude, behaviour and perception. Words once spilled out from the mouth can never be taken back no matter how sweet or bitter they are. I do not mean to tell you to be extra cautious while talking to one another. That is not good otherwise there will be more silence than talking. All that I am saying is that you two must be in control of your conversation rather than the conversation controls you. If one of you gets upset then the best way to handle the situation is by kindly talking it over rather than spilling out rude words or showing body language that is not appropriate. You two must understand that most of the problems in marriage and other relationships are caused by misunderstanding and what Sigmund Freud described as ego. At the lectures in our courses, the lecturers try to tell us how to handle our ego and help from keeping it away from our relationships. Your ego is your self esteem. It is something that always wants to keep you superior in front of your counterpart. In a healthy relationship the two of you must look to make a compromise with your ego placing more importance to your partner. It is not a problem if the male partner first says hello. There should be

Distinguish between accounts that are presented in the income Essay

Distinguish between accounts that are presented in the income statement and balance sheet - Essay Example The accounts used in income statement representation or preparation are, revenue, expenses, losses and profit accounts while those that are used in the preparation of balance sheet are assets, liabilities and owners equity accounts. Good example of liabilities and equity accounts are taxes, notes, loans, payroll accounts and many more. It is easier to represent this two difference balance sheet and income statement accounts through a chart of accounts, this is a list of all the accounts that are used to record financial transactions (Berezin, 2005). Current assets this are the materials or goods that one have in an organization or business that are disposable for certain returns within a short period of time , majorly they are the stock of the business and they controls the inflow of cash into the business through a short time. While current liabilities are the debt that ones have to other people or the current debt of the business this is control by the creditors account. To relates the two there is a ratio that is used known as the current ratio this differentiate the two by dividing each other and an increase in current asset through a reduction in current liabilities shows that the business is doing fine, but an increase in current liabilities through a decrease in current asset proof that the business is under duress and something should be done to reduce that short. This is the dependency between the two, ones increase leads to the other decrease. To relate the two through balance creation or changes is an increase in cur rent asset leads to a reduction in current liabilities through payments; thus, reducing the debt or creditors balance while increasing the asset balance in the business (Fields, 2011). Considerations of current asset and liabilities are one of the fundamentals of a business; the relationship between the two is what keeps the business alive and kicking. The two are mainly related to payment terms and inventory policies. This is