Quiz 1 Spring 2014 for Escape from Camp 14 Essay - 1

NATO From Creation to Current Status

NATO From Creation to Current Status Conceptual The paper talks about NATO which is a significant military collusion among European States, the US and Canada. It features the chronicled setting, which prompted the arrangement of NATO. The historical backdrop of the coalition is separated into three significant stages: the Cold War period, the Post Cold War, and the Post 9/11.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on NATO: From Creation to Current Status explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper audits how NATO reevaluated itself following the breakdown of the Soviet Union and set out on a fruitful broadening process. The different issues that have confronted the association since its creation are examined and its future assessed. The paper finishes up by taking note of that NATO is an important security contraption today and still fills in as the best instrument for fighting the security dangers of the 21st century. Presentation The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is legiti mately viewed as the universes most remarkable military collusion. The association was established in 1949 with the essential target of shielding Western Europe and the US from Soviet hostility. The coalition had the option to effectively accomplish this objective and moreover guarantee that no military competitions rise in the area. Following the finish of the Cold War, the Soviet danger was killed and the union needed to rehash itself so as to stay significant. It did this by extending its job and expanding its enrollment. This paper will decide to give a definite research of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization with center given to the creation and reason for this union. An audit of how the association has extended throughout the years and the job it has played will be given to show that NATO is as yet a substantial security mechanical assembly in world today. Beginnings of NATO A noteworthy result of the World War II was the development of the United States of America and the Soviet Union as the two world super powers. While these nations had battled as partners in the war, their political contrasts set them in opposition to one another in the after war years. There was worry that the Soviet Union would utilize her impressive capacity to impact legislative issues in Europe (Trachtenberg, 1999). The debilitated after war Europe would not have the option to oppose this Soviet danger. The US proposed to help support West Europe’s military ability by the development of a partnership. NATO, in this manner, started as a common resistance settlement among ten Western European nations, the US and Canada.Advertising Looking for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These twelve nations marked the Washington Treaty on April 4, 1949 in which they invested in a common guard agreement (Cornish, 2004). The bargain bound the part states and an assault on any part was to summon a reaction fro m all individuals. NATOs history can be separated into three particular stages: the Cold War time frame, the decade following the finish of the Cold War, and the present stage, which started with the psychological militant assaults on the US on September 11, 2011. Cold War Era At the hour of NATO’s development, the Western Europe was a separated locale despite everything attempting to recuperate from the staggering impacts of the simply finished the World War II. While a Western European resistance association would have been liked, the support of the US was viewed as significant since it was the main nation with enough military may to counter the USSR. Trachtenberg (1999) sees that this union was a drawn out American pledge to Western Europe’s security. After some time, this settlement transformed into an association with a political board and standard gatherings being held by the partnered remote and guard pastors. This change into an undeniable association expanded the impact and quality of the Treaty. In its initial long stretches of presence, NATOs job was principally to forestall an assault against the domain of its part nations by the considerable Soviet Union and her partners. Seroka (2007) best expresses this point by recording that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was initially intended to manage an essential danger from global socialism on the European mainland. West Germany joined NATO in 1955 and this fortified the ability of the coalition in Europe since Germany had the labor important to oppose a traditional intrusion by Soviet powers. This move hastened the arrangement of the Warsaw Pact by the Soviet Union and her East European partners. The unions atomic ability gave by the United States, which filled in as discouragement, was the fundamental apparatus used to keep an assault from the Soviet Union. Be that as it may, NATO likewise embraced a technique of adaptable reaction and conceived the utilization of regular fighting before participating in an atomic showdown. All things being equal, Minuto-Rizzo (2007) repeats that atomic weapons were at the center of the unions methodology and atomic discouragement was the guideline methods for forestalling a Soviet drove assault on any of the part states. Since the two sides (East and West Europe) knew the expense of an atomic encounter, the utilization of power to progress political points was viably rejected exposed War Europe.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on NATO: From Creation to Current Status explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Post †Cold War Period The finish of the Cold War in 1989 was huge for NATO. Numerous political investigators estimated that the collusion could be disbanded securely since the fundamental assailant in Europe had scattered. Moreover, the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact, which had been a union of East European countries shaped to counter NATO, had just happened. In any case, this didn't occur since NATO part states would not like to dispose of the coalition in light of the various points of interest they were getting a charge out of on account of their collaboration. Minuto-Rizzo (2007) sees that the transoceanic system that permitted all nations - of all shapes and sizes to make their voices heard, to look for normal arrangements, and to prepare their powers together was too valuable a resource for be wasted (p.3). Numerous part nations of the previous Warsaw Pact additionally communicated enthusiasm for joining NATO so as to appreciate the upsides of the lasting transoceanic system for counsel and participation. NATO, in this way, needed to reorient itself to grasp the recently rising popular governments in Central and Eastern Europe. NATO had the option to grow new vital ideas to join new individuals and redesign its military structures following the vanishing of the existential danger gave by the Soviet Union (Noetzel Schreer, 2009). It received a strat egy of association and opened its entryways for new individuals from Central and Eastern Europe. The union additionally started to draw in Russia: a move that was viewed as indispensable to understanding the objectives of a unified Europe. The formation of the Permanent Joint Council (PJC) in 1997 is the most noticeable sign of an endeavor to formalize the connection among NATO and Russia. Labarre (2001) confirms that the PJC gave Russia a voice in NATO without precedent for history. The post Cold War period likewise observed NATO without precedent for its history taking part in military activity outside the region of its part nations. This commitment came about in view of the contentions in the Balkans. NATO offered military help in line with the United Nations and assisted with mollifying the Balkans. The partnership occupied with the arrangement of peacekeeping powers in the locale to continue harmony. Post 9/11 Era The third significant stage in NATOs presence came about after t he September 11 psychological oppressor assaults. On September12, 2001, NATO summoned Article 5 of the Washington Treaty, which educates that, An assault against one is an assault against all. Minuto-Rizzo (2007) sees that 9/11 made it understood to NATO partners that their significant dangers no longer exuded from Europe, as had been the situation during the Cold War. The new dangers originated from outside the mainland as worldwide psychological warfare, bombing states, and the danger of weapons of mass destruction.Advertising Searching for paper on history? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The real factors of 9/11 exhibited to NATO the shortcoming of the conventional geological way to deal with security that had been used for quite a long time. This security approach had been compelling when the potential danger radiated from the Soviet Union. Worldwide fear mongering couldn't be countered utilizing a similar technique and NATO must be set up to draw in foe powers at their source. NATO Transformation Originally, a provincial security settlement intended to shield Western Europe from a Soviet danger, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has rethought and changed itself into a worldwide security power with missions to battle universal fear mongering, forestall weapons expansions, and accommodate Europes security (Seroka, p.25). The most recent decade has seen a huge improvement of NATOs military abilities. The NATO Heads of State and Government highest point in Prague, 2002, enunciated the requirement for radical changes in the alliance’s military order structur e. This military change started with the foundation of one vital order situated in Europe to supervise all parts of NATOs activities. Another key order base was built up in the US to propel the military parts of change. While NATO no longer faces the danger that prompted its development (the Soviet Union) it has kept on developing in the years following the breakdown of the USSR. Global fear based oppression has been the most critical issue tended to by NATO. Regardless of the way that worldwide psychological oppression doesn't present a key danger to NA

The Link Between Borderline Personality and Violence

The Link Between Borderline Personality and Violence BPD Living With BPD Print The Link Between Borderline Personality and Violence By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on September 19, 2019 NoSystem Images / Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Borderline personality disorder (BPD)  is a complex mental illness that affects both men and women. Along with strong emotions and feelings, people with BPD can also experience intense anger, known as borderline rage. If you have a family member or loved one who has BPD, its important to understand how violence relates to BPD and how it can be handled.?? Prevalence of Violence in People With BPD There is research demonstrating that both men and women who have committed violent acts have elevated rates of borderline personality disorder compared to the general population. However, this does not necessarily mean that a diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of violence. Impulsive behavior, which includes physical aggression, is one of the diagnostic criteria for BPD, even though someone can meet criteria for the disorder without demonstrating this symptom.?? A large 2016 study in the U.K. found that BPD alone did not suggest a tendency for violence, but did show that those with BPD are more likely to have comorbidities, associated conditions such as anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, and substance abuse which do raise the risk of violence. A systematic search of studies that year confirmed the same finding, with a lack of evidence that BPD alone increases violent behavior.?? There are several reasons why people with BPD are more likely to be violent in their relationships. First, people with BPD are often victims of violence themselves, such as through  child abuse. While its not true for all people, many people with BPD may have learned to use aggression to deal with strong emotions because adults modeled that behavior for them when they were young.?? In addition, people with BPD often experience an unstable sense of self and difficulty trusting others in interpersonal relationships. They may experience very strong emotions if they believe they are being rejected or abandoned; this is known as rejection sensitivity or abandonment sensitivity. These intense feelings of rejection can sometimes lead to aggressive behaviors.?? Finally, people with BPD often have difficulties with impulsive behaviors. When they are experiencing  strong emotions that are typical of the disorder, they may do things without thinking about the consequences. If they engage in violence, it is usually not planned. It is an impulsive act done in the heat of the moment.?? Will My Loved One Be Violent? The information above only provides general information about the link between borderline personality disorder and violence; it is not possible to predict whether one particular individual with BPD will be violent. If your loved one has not shown any violent tendencies or aggression, it is quite possible that she wont be violent. Many individuals with BPD never commit any aggressive acts during their lives. On the other hand, if you are feeling threatened, even if no violence has occurred in your relationship, you should take that seriously. If you already feel unsafe, it is possible the situation could escalate to the point of violence. You should consider getting yourself to a safe place away from that loved one, whether that means getting a hotel or staying with friends. Its important that you are safe before trying to help your friend or family member get help.?? Once you are secure, your best bet is for both of you to seek  professional help  through therapy with a therapist specializing in BPD. This may help you figure out whether the relationship can be improved and may prevent violence from happening in the future. Therapy can also help you decide whether this is a relationship worth saving. The therapist can also recommend a course of treatment to help your loved one get on the path to recovery.?? Preparing Ahead When You Have BPD Having a diagnosis of BPD not only may increase the risk of violence against others but against self. Self-harm is a common issue for many individuals living with BPD. Some therapists recommend that people fill out a safety plan for borderline personality disorder. This safety plan can be helpful not only in preparing for possible violent or suicidal thoughts but can help you identify triggers in your daily life.?? Striking Statistics About Borderline Personality Disorder in the U.S.

Langston Hughes Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. His grandparents were politically active and supporters of the abolition of slavery. They were activists in the movement for voting rights for African Americans. Through their active involvement in his upbringing, they shaped his world views and instilled a sense of what is now called black pride. He moved to Ohio during his adolescent years and later earned his BA degree at Lincoln University. Langston Hughes’ world views were also shaped through his intensive travels that included countries such as Japan, China, and the Soviet Union. Langston Hughes was a prolific writer whose love for literature started in his early childhood. He started writing poetry as early as his high school years where he was named class poet. He penned â€Å"sixteen volumes of poems; two novels; three collections of short stories; four documentary works; three historical works; twenty dramatic pieces, including plays, musical, and operettas; two volumes of autobiography; eight children’s books; and twelve radio and television scripts† (DiYanni 989). In addition to his own works, he edited and translated other writers’ works. He is well known for his Jazz and Blues style poetry and is closely linked to the HarlemShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Harlem Renaissance. After World War I, many blacks migrated from the south to up to the north to places like Chicago, Detroit and New York. The people in Harlem felt the racial pride and this caught the attention of many musicians, writers, and artist. The Harlem Renaissance period lasted from 1920 to around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on though all African American artists today. According to Biography.com in the article about Langston Hughes, there wereRead MoreThe Influences for Langston Hughes Successful Writing Career979 Words   |  4 Pagesour history. Langston Hughes was able to recognize that, â€Å"Man had the inability to bridge cultures† (Bloom 16). In one of his writings, Luani of the Jungles, Langston writes about the interactions in a relationship between a white man and a black woman, â€Å"that is not ruined by outside disapproval, but the man’s own obsession and oversimplification of their racial differences† (16). Hughes’s ability to speak openly about his ideas earned him the title of â€Å"the Poet of Laureate of Harlem† (Bailey 748)Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesdistrict of New York City called Harlem. The area known as Harlem matured into the hideaway of jazz and the blues where the African American artist emerged calling themselves the â€Å"New Negro.† The New Negro was the cornerstone for an era known today as the Harlem Renaissance (Barksdale 23). The Harlem Renaissance warranted the expression of the double consciousness of the African Americans, which was exposed by artists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poetRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreThe Poetry Of Langston Hughes1727 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is arguably one of the best known American writers of the twentieth century. He played an important influential part in the Harlem Renaissance, his poetry and other literary works helped pave way to a new wave of African American culture and literature. Hughes had a wide variety of works, he was much more than just a poet; he was a short-story writer, novelist, and playwright (Brucker). He was also very involved in the Black Arts Movement, and had works published in â€Å"The Crisis† theRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Black Writers Of The Harlem Renaissance1488 Words   |  6 PagesMany families landed in Harlem, New York and the neighborhood eventually became rich in Black culture and traditions. The mixture of cultures, heritage and traditions eventually lead to an explosion of Black creativity in music, literature and the arts which became known as the Harlem Renaissance. As with many transitional time periods in United states History, the Harlem Renaissance had its share of success stories. One of the well-known writers of the 1900’S is Langston Hughes. While many writers focusedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : Langston Hughes1145 Words   |  5 Pagescalled Harlem and this is where it all started. Harlem became the training ground for blues and jazz and gave birth to a young generation of Negro Artist, who referred to themselves as the New Negro. The New Negro was the base for an epoch called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance allowe d for the materialization of the double consciousness of the Negro race as demonstrated by artists such as Langston Hughes. During the peak of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes created poetry thatRead MoreAspects Of Langston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance755 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscrimination, the Harlem Renaissance was a time of emergence for African Americans artists. Several writers such as Langston Hughes emerged during this period. African American writers who emerged during the Harlem Renaissance were heroes to lower-class blacks living in Harlem. Langston Hughes was a household name amongst the lower-class during the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes’s poetry was strongly influenced by the Harlem Renaissance because of his love for the black masses. Hughes was determined toRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes? Influence on American Literature1422 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes was one of the great writers of his time. He was named the â€Å"most renowned Afr ican American poet of the 20th century† (McLaren). Through his writing he made many contributions to following generations by writing about African American issues in creative ways including the use of blues and jazz. Langston Hughes captured the scene of Harlem life in the early 20th century significantly influencing American Literature. He once explained that his writing was an attempt to â€Å"explain and

Film Review The Film The Golden Age - 1349 Words

(No Intro Yet) Due to the Great Depression that started in 1929, the film going audience had considerably diminished. In order to attract individuals back into movie theatres, studios produced films with themes and subjects that had great shock-value such as; violence, prostitution, and especially homosexuality. These subjects clashed with the preaching’s of the Production Code, as well as various local and national censor boards, and are known today as â€Å"pre-code† films. Although homosexuality was still a very taboo subject for society at the time, many studios were able to get past the laissez-faire individuals in the Hays Office, and display LGBT content and characters through onscreen insinuation or suggestion (Source). One of the first and central â€Å"pre-code† movies during Hollywood’s Golden Age to feature homosexuality is Josef von Sternberg’s hit film Morocco (1930), which stars Marlene Dietrich as a sexually independent woman. Dietri ch created a sensation in the film during a scene where she’s clad in a suit and kisses a woman on the lips after a nightclub performance (Source). The juxtaposition of Dietrich’s femininity and the masculine imagery typically associated with a men’s suit can be seen to sexually magnetize both genders watching the scene. John Francis Dillon’s Call Her Savage (1932) is another â€Å"pre-code† film that implicitly displays homosexuality. In the film, two characters go to a nightclub where a duo of flamboyant waiters skip around the establishmentShow MoreRelatedYolololololololo1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe commercial pressures that are put on films for them to make a profit. My case study involves the texts, Hunger, Shame and 12 Years a Slave. Due to film making becoming more of a business than about the art, companies are not willing to take as many risks as they do not want to lose money investing in an unknown film story when they can easily release a known product that they know will make them money, therefore it is important for independent films to make themselves as much as possible forRead MoreThe Movie Air Bud 1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe past half-century has been the age of electronic mass media (Sachs, 441), there were so many impressive and good movies in this period, like superhero series. But I do not want to talk about guys can fly or shoot spider web, this paper’s protagonist is a golden retriever, named â€Å"Air Bud†. The â€Å"Air Bud† is a series American and Canadian comedy film started in 1997. The film Air Bud continues to elicit mixed reactions amongst its audiences from across the globe with some sections of the audiencesRead MoreAr Rahman1368 Words   |  6 PagesRahman w as born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India in a middle-class Tamil family. His father, R. K. Shekhar, was a film-score composer and conductor for Tamil and Malayalam films; Rahman assisted his father in the studio, playing the keyboard. After his fathers death when Rahman was nine years old, the rental of his fathers musical equipment provided his familys income.[11] Raised by his mother, Kareema (born Kashturi),[1] Rahman was a keyboard player and arranger for bands such as Roots (with childhoodRead MoreRadio Days : Film Analysis1151 Words   |  5 Pagesand a theme, it is still, nevertheless, a wonderful film that revolves around a typical American family, and their constant use of the radio. Written, directed and narrated by the renowned comedian Woody Allen, the film occurs during the late 1930s to the late 1940s, and thus it is no surprise that World War 2 and other major events during that time period play a tremendous role in the events that transpired in the film. The setting of this film was Rockaway, Queens, which resonated with me well becauseRead MoreHistory of Movies1050 Words   |  4 PagesPeople enjoyed watching these in their free time, but Eadweard Muybridge was the first person to think about putting pictures in motion to make a story. The evolution of the movie went from black and white pictures, to color, sound and finally to 3-D film. So, just think about trying to create the 3D effect or even how movies were created. Directors, artists, and inventors took hundreds of years to create the very first movie, which captured pictures in a fluid motion. It only lasted ten seconds. EadweardRead MoreAnalysis Of Do The Right Thing By Spike Lee991 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s no secret that Spike Lee is defiant of mainstream Hollywood expectations and is no stranger to controversy. In a review written by James Berardinelli, he writes, â€Å"The movie confronts racism head-on, with the kind of clear-eyed and unflinching attitude that is rarely seen in major motion pictures. Lee does not pander to political correctness, nor does he sermonize† (Berardinelli, Do the Right Thing). This use of aggressive tackling of racial issues was never-before seen in black cinema on suchRead MoreThe Shift Of Online : The Implications For Screenwriters1175 Words   |  5 Pagesup with funny situations for silent films--was the early form of what would eventually become the screenwriting industry. Since the silen t films being made in the 1890 s had no dialogue, it wasn t until the emergence of sound in film, in the 1920 s, that writers flocked to Hollywood in order to become a part of the new, promising industry. (â€Å"Cinema†) Screenwriting is the workmanship and art of composing scripts for mass media communications like feature films, television,and video games. ScreenwritersRead MoreThe Assassination That Changed the Nation1207 Words   |  5 Pages In January of 1961, John F. Kennedy, or usually known by his initials JFK, became the 35th President of the United States. He was sworn in at the young age of 43, becoming the youngest man elected to office and the first of the Roman Catholic faith. Kennedy, a distinguished man of confidence, was known for his good looks, irresistible personality, and oratory skills. Kennedy is said to have â€Å"brought to public life not only the hard assets of leadership, but the rarest capacity to illuminate ideasRead MoreThe And Redefining Expectations Of Quality Television1340 Words   |  6 PagesRedefining Expectations of Quality Television In 2002 Ron Moore began working on an updated, reimagined take on the 1970’s Science Fiction show Battlestar Galactica. With the help of producer David Eick, Moore created a miniseries event that was one part film, one part pilot for a new breed of televised Science Fiction drama. Combining elements present in other Quality Television shows, Battlestar Galactica (BSG) redefined the expectations of consumers for what Science Fiction could achieve in a TV settingRead MoreDominick10 Tb Ch09942 Words   |  4 Pages  Though  designed  to  decrease  competition  in  the  film  industry,  the  MMPC  actually   encouraged  competition.   Ans:  T            4.  Block  booking  means  that  theater  owners  must  agree  to  show  certain  films  in  all  the   theaters  they  own.   Ans:  F            5.  The  inventors  of  the  Kinetoscope  predicted  the  real  money  in  motion  pictures  would  be   based  on  showing  films  to  large  audiences.   Ans:  F            6.  In  the  late  1940s,  the  courts  upheld  studios   rights  to  control  production,  distribution,   and  exhibition.   Ans:  F            7.  Although  the  film  indus

Ecology Free Essays

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment, such as the interactions organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), number (population) of organisms, as well as competition between them within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, thecommunities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Ecology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is calledbiodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services. Ecology is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. The word â€Å"ecology† (â€Å"Okologie†) was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology transformed into a more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts on adaptation and natural selection became cornerstones of modern ecological theory. Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function is an important focus area in ecological studies. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations †¢ The movement of materials and energy through living communities †¢ The successional development of ecosystems, and †¢ The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment. Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecolog y in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). Organisms and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value. How to cite Ecology, Papers

Schopenhauer The Will And Science Essays - Kantianism, Concepts

Schopenhauer The Will And Science Schopenhauer had an understanding of the Will, which has to separate parts. The Will to Life and Human Will. The Will to Life, was the over all striving that every animal did on a daily basis, the striving for the will to live. Schopenhauer, believed that the nature of life was suffering and that this suffering was manifested in the will to live. However, this will, in humans, was also manifested by Human Will, or striving for that life, such as studying, reading, etc. This human will also lead to suffering and strife, for as soon as humans would reach one goal, another set of problems or suffering would appear. In fact, Schopenhauer believed that if humans recognized how much suffering that there is in life and in the world, that they would want to kill themselves. However, if you look at all that suffering and decide to live anyways then you have conquered the will and you will no longer truly suffer. In quite a Buddhist theme, you have become liberated and redeemed from life. More over, there is a sense of passive acceptance, where one realizes to detach themselves from society. This is explained when Schopenhauer states, ?The denial of the will to live does not in any way imply the annihilation of a substance; it means merely the act of non-violation: that which previously willed, wills no more. The will is a philosophical substance that can not be removed or killed. Why is it then that Science can not understand the will as interpreted by Schopenhauer? Schopenhauer believed that the will was an Idea, which was in it's own category. A category different form the a priori and the a posteriori. Science, according to Schopenhauer, is an a priori concept. A priori judgments take sense perception and molds it into a category. Schopenhauer believed that this world of sense perception and categories is a creation of the person or mind who created it. Therefore, Schopenaheur believes that ?the world is a duality of the will and idea.? Science, according to Schopenhauer is concerned with categories and goals and the will for Schopenhauer, has none of these things. The will has no goal and is therefore unablet o be understood by science. Furthermore, the will has no subcomponents or hidden parts, it is simply the will, or the desire to survey. It can not be described in an a priori sense, because it cannot be molded into a category and since Science is an a priori concept, it is unable to explain the will in its sense. Furthermore, the will cannot be molded or shaped, there is no way to destroy the will, it is philosophical, unlike a sensation and therefore, it can not easily be perceived in any light. The medium of science was, according to Schopenhauer, unable to process or mold, the will in it's concept and therefore, is unable to deal with the problems of life. Philosophy